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Welchen Ordnungsrahmen braucht die Sharing Economy?

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  • Haucap, Justus
  • Kehder, Christiane

Abstract

Das private Teilen von Ressourcen durch die Möglichkeiten der sog. Sharing Economy ist ökonomisch prinzipiell sehr sinnvoll. Durch eine auch von den betroffenen Branchen betriebene Lobbyarbeit unterstützte Politik wird das private Teilen in Deutschland jedoch erheblich erschwert, obgleich prinzipielle erhebliche Verbraucher- und Effizienzvorteile generiert werden können. Wir plädieren in diesem Beitrag für einen offeneren Regulierungsrahmen, der folgende Charakteristika aufweisen sollte: (1) Erstens erscheint die Verwendung von Schwellenwerten sinnvoll, um gewerbliche und private Anbieter zu unterscheiden. Solange bestimmte Grenzen der Tätigkeit nicht erreicht werden, sollte eine Tätigkeit als privat gelten, während bei Erreichen der Schwellenwerte Anbieter als gewerblich eingestuft werden, solange sie nicht das Gegenteil darlegen können. Für private Anbieter sollten weniger strikte Anforderungen gelten als für gewerbliche Anbieter. (2) Zweitens sollten Plattformen transparent machen, ob ein von ihnen vermittelte Anbieter privat oder gewerblich agiert, so wie etwa bei eBay zwischen privaten und gewerblichen Verkäufen unterschieden wird, sodass Nutzer ihre entsprechenden Rechte ex ante erkennen können. (3) Drittens sollten der bisherige Regelungsrahmen für die betroffenen Branchen - wie etwa das Personenbeförderungsgesetz für das Taxi- und Mietwagengewerbe - regelmäßig, evidenzbasiert evaluiert und novelliert werden, um Deregulierungspotenziale zu erkennen. (4) Viertens ist eine Anzeigepflicht auch für private Personen zumindest ab einer gewissen Regelmäßigkeit der privaten Bereitstellung von Ressourcen (wie etwa der eigenen Wohnung) denkbar, um Behörden die Überprüfung und Rechtsdurchsetzung zu erleichtern. (5) Fünftens könnten die Plattformen mit Informationsübermittlungspflichten etwa an die Finanzbehörden belegt werden, um Steuerhinterziehung zu erschweren. Ein solcher Rechtsrahmen ermöglicht das private Teilen von Ressourcen in begrenztem Umfang und kann zugleich den gravierendsten Bedenken der Kritiker, wie etwa der sog. Zweckentfremdung von Wohnraum, wirkungsvoll entgegenwirken.

Suggested Citation

  • Haucap, Justus & Kehder, Christiane, 2018. "Welchen Ordnungsrahmen braucht die Sharing Economy?," DICE Ordnungspolitische Perspektiven 94, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:diceop:94
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    13. Justus Haucap & Ulrich Heimeshoff, 2014. "Google, Facebook, Amazon, eBay: Is the Internet driving competition or market monopolization?," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 49-61, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lenz, Fulko, 2020. "Plattformökonomie – zwischen Abwehr und Wunschdenken," Zeitthemen 03, Stiftung Marktwirtschaft / The Market Economy Foundation, Berlin.
    2. Haucap, Justus, 2018. "Big Data aus wettbewerbs- und ordnungspolitischer Perspektive," DICE Ordnungspolitische Perspektiven 96, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    3. Zehle, Soenke & Käfer, Hannes & Hartnik, Julia & Schmitz, Michael, 2021. "Germany: Co-Creating Cooperative and Sharing Economies," MPRA Paper 110234, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    Keywords

    Sharing Economy; AirBnB; Uber; Ride Sharing; Digitalisierung; Zweckentfremdung;
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