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Panel estimation of state dependent adjustment when the target is unobserved

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Kalckreuth, Ulf von

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Abstract

Understanding adjustment processes has become central in economics. Empirical analysis is fraught with the problem that the target is usually unobserved. This paper develops, simulates and applies GMM methods for estimating dynamic adjustment models in a panel data context with partially unobserved targets and endogenous, time-varying persistence. In this setup, the standard first difference GMM procedure fails. I propose three estimation strategies. One is based on quasi-differencing, and it leads to two different, but related sets of moment conditions. The second is characterised by a statedependent filter, while the third is an adaptation of the GMM level estimator. Ökonomische Anpassungsvorgänge auf der Mikroebene sind inhärent schwierig zu schätzen, da typischerweise das Ziel der Anpassung nur unvollkommen beobachtet werden kann. Das vorliegende Papier untersucht zustandsabhängige ökonomische Anpassungsprozesse, wie sie sich bei zeitlich variablen Beschränkungen ergeben, wie etwa unter finanziellen Restriktionen. Das Problem latenter Zielniveaus wird hier mit Hilfe von Panelinformationen und einem Fehlerkomponentenansatz angegangen. Die Standardmethoden dynamische Panelmodelle, wie sie von Anderson and Hsiao (1982), Arellano and Bond (1991), Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998) entwickelt wurden, sind auf diesen Fall nicht anwendbar, da sie eine zeitlich invariante lineare Dynamik voraussetzen. Das Papier zeigt, wie die GMM-Methodik auf den Fall ökonomischer Anpassungsvorgänge verallgemeinert werden können, bei denen das Ziel teilweise unbeobachtet ist und die Nichtlinearität die Form diskreter Regime annimmt. Dies ist nicht trivial, weil der unbekannte und zeitlich variable Anpassungskoeffizient mit dem ebenso unbekannten individuellen Störterm interagiert. Aber der Ertrag ist reichhaltig, weil eine Reihe wohlbekannter Prozeduren und Standardtests für das Problem der ökonomischen Anpassung nutzbar gemacht werden kann. Die hier beschriebenen Schätzverfahren können dazu beitragen, eine große Zahl ökonomischer Fragestellungen adäquater zu behandeln als dies bislang möglich war. Beispiele sind die Dynamik der Nachfrage nach Arbeit und Kapital, bei der Preissetzung und bei der Anpassung der finanziellen Struktur in Firmen und Banken.

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Paper provided by Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Centre in its series Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies with number 2008,09.

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Date of creation: 2008
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Handle: RePEc:zbw:bubdp1:7337

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Keywords: Dynamic panel data models economic adjustment

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods
C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data
D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior

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  1. Caballero, Ricardo J & Engel, Eduardo M R A & Haltiwanger, John, 1997. "Aggregate Employment Dynamics: Building from Microeconomic Evidence," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 87(1), pages 115-37, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Arellano, Manuel & Bond, Stephen, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 58(2), pages 277-97, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Ricardo J. Caballero & Eduardo M.R.A. Engel, 2004. "Three Strikes and You.re Out: Reply to Cooper and Willis," Working Papers 883, Economic Growth Center, Yale University. [Downloadable!]
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  4. Christian Bayer, 2004. "On the Interaction of Financial Frictions and Fixed Capital Adjustment Costs: Evidence from a Panel of German Firms," Macroeconomics 0410006, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  5. Arellano, Manuel & Bover, Olympia, 1995. "Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 29-51, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Holtz-Eakin, Douglas & Newey, Whitney & Rosen, Harvey S, 1988. "Estimating Vector Autoregressions with Panel Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 56(6), pages 1371-95, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Blundell, Richard & Bond, Stephen, 1998. "Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 115-143, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Anderson, T. W. & Hsiao, Cheng, 1982. "Formulation and estimation of dynamic models using panel data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 47-82, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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