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Incidence of COVID-19 and Connections with Air Pollution Exposure : Evidence from the Netherlands

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  • Andree,Bo Pieter Johannes

Abstract

The fast spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has resulted in the emergence of several hot-spots around the world. Several of these are located in areas associated with high levels of air pollution. This study investigates the relationship between exposure to particulate matter and COVID-19 incidence in 355 municipalities in the Netherlands. The results show that atmospheric particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 is a highly significant predictor of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and related hospital admissions. The estimates suggest that expected COVID-19 cases increase by nearly 100 percent when pollution concentrations increase by 20 percent. The association between air pollution and case incidence is robust in the presence of data on health-related preconditions, proxies for symptom severity, and demographic control variables. The results are obtained with ground-measurements and satellite-derived measures of atmospheric particulate matter as well as COVID-19 data from alternative dates. The findings call for further investigation into the association between air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. If particulate matter plays a significant role in COVID-19 incidence, it has strong implications for the mitigation strategies required to prevent spreading.

Suggested Citation

  • Andree,Bo Pieter Johannes, 2020. "Incidence of COVID-19 and Connections with Air Pollution Exposure : Evidence from the Netherlands," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9221, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9221
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    File URL: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/462481587756439003/pdf/Incidence-of-COVID-19-and-Connections-with-Air-Pollution-Exposure-Evidence-from-the-Netherlands.pdf
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    1. 42. Selected Data of Coronavirus in Spain, United States, Europe, America and other areas, year 2020: Statistics of Cases and Hospital beds
      by MCG Blogs de Economía in Euro-American Association: World Development on 2020-05-12 09:25:00

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    1. Quim Zaldo-Aubanell & Ferran Campillo i López & Albert Bach & Isabel Serra & Joan Olivet-Vila & Marc Saez & David Pino & Roser Maneja, 2021. "Community Risk Factors in the COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in Catalonia (Spain). A Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-20, April.

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    Keywords

    Brown Issues and Health; Air Quality&Clean Air; Pollution Management&Control; Health Care Services Industry; Global Environment; Crime and Society;
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