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Family, marriage markets and inequality: a matching approach

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  • Simon Weber

    (Département d'économie)

Abstract

Cette thèse traite de la formation des couples sur le marché du mariage, et propose comme fil directeur de s’intéresser à la question des inégalités, à la fois inter- et intra-ménages. Le premier chapitre interroge le rôle des préférences maritales dans la hausse des inégalités de revenu entre ménages. Edoardo Ciscato et moi-même utilisons des données américaines pour mesurer l’impact du changement des préférences maritales sur les inégalités de revenu entre ménages. Grâce à des méthodes structurelles, nous montrons que si les préférences maritales n’avaient pas changé depuis 1971, le coefficient de Gini aujourd’hui serait inférieur de 6%. Dans le chapitre 2, j’introduis l’idée de rapprocher la littérature sur les modèles d’appariement et celle sur les modèles collectifs. Pour cela, Alfred Galichon, Scott Kominers et moi-même avons travaillé sur un modèle d’appariement à utilité imparfaitement transférable. Nous prouvons l’existence et l’unicité de l’équilibre dans ce cadre. En outre, nous construisons deux algorithmes permettant de déterminer l’équilibre. Nous montrons comment le modèle peut être estimé par maximum de vraisemblance et proposons une illustration. Dans le dernier chapitre, je me concentre sur le partage des ressources au sein des couples. L’idée est que les modèles collectifs sont inséparables du marché du mariage, au sens où le partage du pouvoir de négociation est endogène à la détermination d’un équilibre sur le marché du mariage. Je discute de manière approfondie la connexion entre modèles collectifs et modèles d’appariement. En particulier, je caractérise les classes de modèles collectifs qui peuvent être intégrer au modèle d’appariement à utilité imparfaitement transférable (ITU) développé précédemment. Je propose une méthode générale pour estimer ces modèles. Enfin, je propose d’illustrer mes résultats sur des données extraites du PSID américain, et d’estimer un modèle avec consommation privée, loisir et travail domestique.

Suggested Citation

  • Simon Weber, 2017. "Family, marriage markets and inequality: a matching approach," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/13gl57r1jn8, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/13gl57r1jn8ns9de5346ma76lr
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Raquel Fernández & Nezih Guner & John Knowles, 2005. "Love and Money: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Household Sorting and Inequality," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 120(1), pages 273-344.
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    7. Jeremy Greenwood & Nezih Guner & Georgi Kocharkov & Cezar Santos, 2014. "Marry Your Like: Assortative Mating and Income Inequality," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(5), pages 348-353, May.
    8. Flavio Cunha & James J. Heckman & Susanne M. Schennach, 2010. "Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 78(3), pages 883-931, May.
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