IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/red/sed018/331.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Contingent Convertibles with Stock Price Triggers: The Case of Perpetuities

Author

Listed:
  • George Pennacchi

    (University of Illinois)

  • Alexei Tchistyi

    (University of Illinois)

Abstract

Initial proposals for bank contingent convertibles (CoCos) envisioned that these bonds would convert to equity when the bank's stock price declined to a pre-specifi ed trigger. Subsequent research claimed that doing so causes the stock price to have multiple equilibria or no equilibrium. We show that when CoCos are perpetuities, which characterizes most actual CoCos, a unique stock price equilibrium exists except under unrealistic conditions. Unique equilibria occur when conversion favors or disfavors CoCo investors, when CoCos convert to equity or are written down, and when CoCos are callable. We also analyze a banks choice of risk before and after conversion.

Suggested Citation

  • George Pennacchi & Alexei Tchistyi, 2018. "Contingent Convertibles with Stock Price Triggers: The Case of Perpetuities," 2018 Meeting Papers 331, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  • Handle: RePEc:red:sed018:331
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://red-files-public.s3.amazonaws.com/meetpapers/2018/paper_331.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Koziol, Christian & Lawrenz, Jochen, 2012. "Contingent convertibles. Solving or seeding the next banking crisis?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 90-104.
    2. Berg, Tobias & Kaserer, Christoph, 2015. "Does contingent capital induce excessive risk-taking?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 356-385.
    3. Edward Simpson Prescott, 2012. "Contingent capital: the trigger problem," Economic Quarterly, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, vol. 98(1Q), pages 33-50.
    4. McDonald, Robert L., 2013. "Contingent capital with a dual price trigger," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 230-241.
    5. Paul Glasserman & Enrico Perotti, 2017. "The Unconvertible CoCo Bonds," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Douglas D Evanoff & George G Kaufman & Agnese Leonello & Simone Manganelli (ed.), Achieving Financial Stability Challenges to Prudential Regulation, chapter 23, pages 317-329, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    6. Oliver Hart & Luigi Zingales, 2011. "A New Capital Regulation for Large Financial Institutions," American Law and Economics Review, American Law and Economics Association, vol. 13(2), pages 453-490.
    7. Dumas, Bernard, 1991. "Super contact and related optimality conditions," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 675-685, October.
    8. Flannery, Mark J, 1998. "Using Market Information in Prudential Bank Supervision: A Review of the U.S. Empirical Evidence," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 30(3), pages 273-305, August.
    9. Matthew Plosser & João A. C. Santos, 2014. "Banks' incentives and the quality of internal risk models," Staff Reports 704, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    10. Berg, Tobias & Gider, Jasmin, 2017. "What Explains the Difference in Leverage between Banks and Nonbanks?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 52(6), pages 2677-2702, December.
    11. Charles W. Calomiris & Richard J. Herring, 2013. "How to Design a Contingent Convertible Debt Requirement That Helps Solve Our Too-Big-to-Fail Problem," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 25(2), pages 39-62, June.
    12. Pennacchi, George & Vermaelen, Theo & Wolff, Christian C. P., 2014. "Contingent Capital: The Case of COERCs," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 49(3), pages 541-574, June.
    13. Dwight Jaffee & Alexei Tchistyi & Boris Albul, 2013. "Contingent Convertible Bonds and Capital Structure Decisions," 2013 Meeting Papers 682, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    14. Suresh Sundaresan & Zhenyu Wang, 2015. "On the Design of Contingent Capital with a Market Trigger," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(2), pages 881-920, April.
    15. Back, Kerry E., 2017. "Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780190241148.
    16. Jeremy Bulow & Paul Klemperer, 2015. "Equity Recourse Notes: Creating Counter†cyclical Bank Capital," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 125(586), pages 131-157, August.
    17. Hilscher, Jens & Raviv, Alon, 2014. "Bank stability and market discipline: The effect of contingent capital on risk taking and default probability," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 542-560.
    18. repec:fip:fedreq:y:2012:i:1q:p:33-50:n:vol.98no.1 is not listed on IDEAS
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Goncharenko, Roman & Ongena, Steven & Rauf, Asad, 2021. "The agency of CoCos: Why contingent convertible bonds are not for everyone," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    2. Roman Goncharenko, 2022. "Fighting Fire with Gasoline: CoCos in Lieu of Equity," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(2-3), pages 493-517, March.
    3. Giovanni Calice & Carlo Sala & Daniele Tantari, 2020. "Contingent Convertible Bonds in Financial Networks," Papers 2009.00062, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    4. Mr. Andre O Santos, 2019. "Can Contingent Convertibles Help Private Asset Managers Fund Their Acquisition of Non-Performing Loans from Portuguese Banks?," IMF Working Papers 2019/099, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Ye Li & Simon Mayer & Simon Mayer, 2021. "Money Creation in Decentralized Finance: A Dynamic Model of Stablecoin and Crypto Shadow Banking," CESifo Working Paper Series 9260, CESifo.
    6. Christian Koziol & Sebastian Weitz, 2021. "Does model complexity improve pricing accuracy? The case of CoCos," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 261-284, October.
    7. Philippe Oster, 2020. "Contingent Convertible bond literature review: making everything and nothing possible?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(4), pages 343-381, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Philippe Oster, 2020. "Contingent Convertible bond literature review: making everything and nothing possible?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(4), pages 343-381, December.
    2. Fiordelisi, Franco & Pennacchi, George & Ricci, Ornella, 2020. "Are contingent convertibles going-concern capital?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    3. Martynova, Natalya & Perotti, Enrico, 2018. "Convertible bonds and bank risk-taking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 35(PB), pages 61-80.
    4. Goncharenko, Roman & Ongena, Steven & Rauf, Asad, 2021. "The agency of CoCos: Why contingent convertible bonds are not for everyone," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    5. Avdjiev, Stefan & Bogdanova, Bilyana & Bolton, Patrick & Jiang, Wei & Kartasheva, Anastasia, 2020. "CoCo issuance and bank fragility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(3), pages 593-613.
    6. Kenjiro Hori & Jorge Martin Cerón, 2017. "Contingent Convertible Bonds: Payoff Structures and Incentive Effects," Birkbeck Working Papers in Economics and Finance 1711, Birkbeck, Department of Economics, Mathematics & Statistics.
    7. Roman Goncharenko, 2022. "Fighting Fire with Gasoline: CoCos in Lieu of Equity," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(2-3), pages 493-517, March.
    8. Giovanni Calice & Carlo Sala & Daniele Tantari, 2020. "Contingent Convertible Bonds in Financial Networks," Papers 2009.00062, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    9. van Wijnbergen, Sweder & Chan, Stephanie, 2016. "CoCo Design, Risk Shifting and Financial Fragility," CEPR Discussion Papers 11099, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Michael Sigmund & Kevin Zimmermann, 2021. "Determinants of Contingent Convertible Bond Coupon Rates of Banks: An Empirical Analysis (Michael Sigmund, Kevin Zimmermann)," Working Papers 236, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank).
    11. Stephanie Chan & Sweder van Wijnbergen, 2016. "Coco Design, Risk Shifting Incentives and Capital Regulation," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 16-007/VI, Tinbergen Institute, revised 13 Nov 2017.
    12. Martynova, Natalya & Perotti, Enrico, 2018. "Convertible bonds and bank risk-taking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 35(PB), pages 61-80.
    13. Fatouh, Mahmoud & McMunn, Ayowande, 2019. "Shareholder risk-taking incentives in the presence of contingent capital," Bank of England working papers 775, Bank of England.
    14. Allen, Linda & Golfari, Andrea, 2023. "Do CoCos serve the goals of macroprudential supervisors or bank managers?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    15. Gupta, Aparna & Wang, Runzu & Lu, Yueliang, 2021. "Addressing systemic risk using contingent convertible debt – A network analysis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(1), pages 263-277.
    16. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Kang, Woo-Young, 2021. "On the preferences of CoCo bond buyers and sellers," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    17. Attaoui, Sami & Poncet, Patrice, 2015. "Write-Down Bonds and Capital and Debt Structures," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 97-119.
    18. Himmelberg, Charles P. & Tsyplakov, Sergey, 2020. "Optimal terms of contingent capital, incentive effects, and capital structure dynamics," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    19. Koziol, Christian & Roßmann, Philipp, 2022. "Contingent convertible bonds: Optimal call strategy and the impact of refinancing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    20. Mark J. Flannery, 2016. "Stabilizing Large Financial Institutions with Contingent Capital Certificates," Quarterly Journal of Finance (QJF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 6(02), pages 1-26, June.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:red:sed018:331. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Christian Zimmermann (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/sedddea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.