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On the Estimation of Panel Regression Models with Fixed Effects

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  • Hugo Kruiniger

    (Queen Mary, University of London)

Abstract

This paper considers estimation of panel data models with fixed effects. First, we will show that a consistent "unrestricted fixed effects" estimator does not exist for autoregressive panel data models with initial conditions. We will derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the consistency of estimators for these models. In particular, we will show that various widely used GMM estimators for the conditional AR(1) panel model are inconsistent under trending fixed effects sequences. Next, we will derive, justify, and compare restricted Fixed Effects GMM and (Q)ML estimators for this model. We find that the FEML estimator is asymptotically efficient, whereas the Modified ML estimator is not. We will also compare the fixed effects approach for estimating the conditional AR(1) panel model and covariance parameters in static panel data models with the correlated random effects approach.

Suggested Citation

  • Hugo Kruiniger, 2002. "On the Estimation of Panel Regression Models with Fixed Effects," Working Papers 450, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    • Handle: RePEc:qmw:qmwecw:450
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chamberlain, Gary, 1984. "Panel data," Handbook of Econometrics, in: Z. Griliches† & M. D. Intriligator (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 22, pages 1247-1318, Elsevier.
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    3. Ahn, Seung C. & Schmidt, Peter, 1995. "Efficient estimation of models for dynamic panel data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 5-27, July.
    4. Gary Chamberlain, 1980. "Analysis of Covariance with Qualitative Data," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 47(1), pages 225-238.
    5. Kiefer, Nicholas M., 1980. "Estimation of fixed effect models for time series of cross-sections with arbitrary intertemporal covariance," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 195-202, October.
    6. Arellano, Manuel & Bover, Olympia, 1995. "Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 29-51, July.
    7. Newey, Whitney K. & McFadden, Daniel, 1986. "Large sample estimation and hypothesis testing," Handbook of Econometrics, in: R. F. Engle & D. McFadden (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 36, pages 2111-2245, Elsevier.
    8. Hugo Kruiniger, 2000. "GMM Estimation of Dynamic Panel Data Models with Persistent Data," Working Papers 428, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    9. Thomas E. MaCurdy, 1981. "Multiple Time-Serie3 Models Applied to Panel Data," NBER Working Papers 0646, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Sims, Christopher A., 2000. "Using a likelihood perspective to sharpen econometric discourse: Three examples," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 95(2), pages 443-462, April.
    11. Mundlak, Yair, 1978. "On the Pooling of Time Series and Cross Section Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(1), pages 69-85, January.
    12. Nickell, Stephen J, 1981. "Biases in Dynamic Models with Fixed Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(6), pages 1417-1426, November.
    13. Ahn, Seung C. & Schmidt, Peter, 1997. "Efficient estimation of dynamic panel data models: Alternative assumptions and simplified estimation," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 76(1-2), pages 309-321.
    14. Manuel Arellano & Stephen Bond, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 277-297.
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    Cited by:

    1. Seung C. Ahn & Gareth M. Thomas, 2023. "Likelihood-based inference for dynamic panel data models," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 64(6), pages 2859-2909, June.
    2. Gareth M. Thomas & Seung C. Ahn, 2004. "Likelihood Based Inference for amic Panel Data Models," Econometric Society 2004 Far Eastern Meetings 669, Econometric Society.
    3. Kruiniger, Hugo, 2018. "A further look at Modified ML estimation of the panel AR(1) model with fixed effects and arbitrary initial conditions," MPRA Paper 88623, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Bun, Maurice J.G. & Kleibergen, Frank, 2022. "Identification Robust Inference For Moments-Based Analysis Of Linear Dynamic Panel Data Models," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(4), pages 689-751, August.
    5. Stephen Bond & Céline Nauges & Frank Windmeijer, 2005. "Unit roots: identification and testing in micro panels," CeMMAP working papers CWP07/05, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Fixed effects; Correlated effects; (Essentially) random effects; Conditional likelihood; Modified likelihood; GMM; Quasi likelihood; Unit root test; Cross-sectional dependence;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C11 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Bayesian Analysis: General
    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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