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Testing Dividend Signalling Models

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Author Info
Dan Bernhardt
J. Fiona Robertson
Ray Farrow

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Abstract

This paper derives a key monotonicity property common to dividend signalling models: the greater the rate that dividend income is taxed relative to capital gains income, the greater the value of information revealed by a given dividend yield, and hence the greater the associated excess return. This monotonicity condition allows us to distinguish the hypothesis that dividends are used as a signalling device from the hypothesis that dividends contain information but are not used as Spencian signals. The monotonicity conditions are tested with robust non-parametric techniques. Although we find strong evidence that dividend announcements contain information, we find no evidence to support dividend signalling. The same results are inconsistent with tax-based CAPM arguments.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Queen's University, Department of Economics in its series Working Papers with number 895.

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Date of creation: Jan 1994
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Handle: RePEc:qed:wpaper:895

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Keywords: signalling non-parametric

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G0 - Financial Economics - - General

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Pettit, R Richardson, 1976. "The Impact of Dividend and Earnings Announcements: A Reconciliation," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 49(1), pages 86-96, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Engers, Maxim, 1987. "Signalling with Many Signals," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(3), pages 663-74, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Jensen, Michael C, 1986. "Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(2), pages 323-29, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Brown, Stephen J. & Warner, Jerold B., 1980. "Measuring security price performance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 205-258, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Miller, Merton H & Rock, Kevin, 1985. " Dividend Policy under Asymmetric Information," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 40(4), pages 1031-51, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. John, Kose & Mishra, Banikanta, 1990. " Information Content of Insider Trading Around Corporate Announcements: The Case of Capital Expenditures," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(3), pages 835-55, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Watts, Ross, 1973. "The Information Content of Dividends," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 46(2), pages 191-211, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Stephen A. Ross, 1977. "The Determination of Financial Structure: The Incentive-Signalling Approach," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 8(1), pages 23-40, Spring. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Merton H. Miller & Franco Modigliani, 1961. "Dividend Policy, Growth, and the Valuation of Shares," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34, pages 411. [Downloadable!]
  10. Hakansson, Nils H, 1982. " To Pay or Not to Pay Dividend," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 37(2), pages 415-28, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Ofer, Aharon R & Thakor, Anjan V, 1987. " A Theory of Stock Price Responses to Alternative Corporate Cash Disbursement Methods: Stock Repurchases and Dividends," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(2), pages 365-94, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. B. Douglas Berhheim, 1991. "Tax Policy and the Dividend Puzzle," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 22(4), pages 455-476, Winter. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  13. Litzenberger, Robert H & Ramaswamy, Krishna, 1982. " The Effects of Dividends on Common Stock Prices: Tax Effects or Information Effects?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 37(2), pages 429-43, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Riley, John G, 1979. "Informational Equilibrium," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 47(2), pages 331-59, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  15. Miller, Merton H. & Scholes, Myron S., 1978. "Dividends and taxes," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(4), pages 333-364, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Nils H. Hakansson., 1982. "To Pay or Not to Pay Dividends," Research Program in Finance Working Papers 124, University of California at Berkeley.
  17. Laub, P Michael, 1976. "On the Informational Content of Dividends," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 49(1), pages 73-80, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Asquith, Paul & Mullins, David W, Jr, 1983. "The Impact of Initiating Dividend Payments on Shareholders' Wealth," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 56(1), pages 77-96, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  19. Litzenberger, Robert H & Ramaswamy, Krishna, 1980. " Dividends, Short Selling Restrictions, Tax-Induced Investor Clienteles and Market Equilibrium," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 35(2), pages 469-82, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  20. John, Kose & Lang, Larry H P, 1991. " Insider Trading around Dividend Announcements: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(4), pages 1361-89, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  21. Ang, James S, 1975. "Dividend Policy: Informational Content or Partial Adjustment?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 57(1), pages 65-70, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  22. Praveen Kumar, 1988. "Shareholder-Manager Conflict and the Information Content of Dividends," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 1(2), pages 111-136. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  23. Litzenberger, Robert H. & Ramaswamy, Krishna, 1979. "The effect of personal taxes and dividends on capital asset prices : Theory and empirical evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 163-195, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Raj Chetty & Emmanuel Saez, 2004. "Dividend Taxes and Corporate Behavior: Evidence from the 2003 Dividend Tax Cut," NBER Working Papers 10841, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Raj Chetty & Joseph Rosenberg & Emmanuel Saez, 2005. "The Effects of Taxes on Market Responses to Dividend Announcements and Payments: What Can we Learn from the 2003 Dividend Tax Cut?," NBER Working Papers 11452, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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