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Determinants of Energy Intensity in Indian Manufacturing Industries: A Firm Level Analysis

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  • Sahu, Santosh
  • Narayanan, K

Abstract

The demand for energy, particularly for commercial energy, has been growing rapidly with the growth of the economy, changes in the demographic structure, rising urbanization, socio-economic development, and the desire for attaining and sustaining self-reliance in some sectors of the economy. In this context the energy intensity is one of the key factors, which affect the projections of future energy demand for any economy. Energy intensity in Indian industry is among the highest in the world. According to the GoI statistics, the manufacturing sector is the largest consumer of commercial energy in India. Energy consumption per unit of production in the manufacturing of steel, aluminum, cement, paper, textile, etc. is much higher in India, even in comparison with some developing countries. In this study we attempt to analyze energy intensity at firm level and define energy intensity as the ratio of energy consumption to sales turnover. The purpose of this study is to understand the factors that determine industrial energy intensity in Indian manufacturing. The results of the econometric analysis, based on firm level data drawn from the PROWESS data base of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy during recent years, identify the sources of variation in energy intensity. Also, we found a non-linear ‘U’ shaped relationship between energy intensity and firm size, implying that both very large and very small firms tend to be more energy intensive. The analysis also highlights that ownership type is an important determinant of energy intensity. We found that foreign owned firms exhibit a higher level of technical efficiency and therefore are less energy intensive. The technology import activities are important contributors to the decline in firm- level energy intensity. The paper also identifies that there is a sizable difference between energy intensive firm and less energy intensive firms. In addition the results shows that younger firms are more energy efficient as compared to the older firms and an inverse U’ shaped relationship is found between the energy intensity and the age of the firm.

Suggested Citation

  • Sahu, Santosh & Narayanan, K, 2010. "Determinants of Energy Intensity in Indian Manufacturing Industries: A Firm Level Analysis," MPRA Paper 21646, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:21646
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ang, B.W., 1995. "Decomposition methodology in industrial energy demand analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 20(11), pages 1081-1095.
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    Cited by:

    1. Santosh Kumar, Sahu & K., Narayanan, 2011. "Energy Intensity and Firm Performance: Do Energy Clusters Matter?," MPRA Paper 43457, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Feng, Qiyangfan & Wei, Hao, 2023. "Import competition and firm energy intensity: Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 543-560.
    3. Surender Kumar & Pritika Dua, 2022. "Environmental management practices and financial performance: evidence from large listed Indian enterprises," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 65(1), pages 37-61, January.
    4. Wang, Jian & Sun, Furong & Lv, Kangjuan & Wang, Lisha, 2022. "Industrial agglomeration and firm energy intensity: How important is spatial proximity?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    5. Santosh Kumar Sahu & Prantik Bagchi & Ajay Kumar & Kim Hua Tan, 2022. "Technology, price instruments and energy intensity: a study of firms in the manufacturing sector of the Indian economy," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 313(1), pages 319-339, June.
    6. Santosh K. Sahu & Deepanjali Mehta, 2018. "Determinants Of Energy And Co2 Emission Intensities: A Study Of Manufacturing Firms In India," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 63(02), pages 389-407, March.
    7. Oak, Hena & Bansal, Sangeeta, 2018. "Effect of Perform-Achieve-Trade Policy on Energy Efficiency of Indian Industries: Evidence from Fertilizer Industry," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274422, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    8. Santosh K. Sahu & K. Narayanan, 2014. "CO2 Emission from Fossil Fuel Consumption and Technology Intensity," Review of Market Integration, India Development Foundation, vol. 6(3), pages 269-296, December.
    9. Kaumudi Misra, 2019. "Impact of perform-achieve-trade policy on the energy intensity of cement and iron and steel industries in India," Working Papers 451, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.
    10. Tiago Sequeira & Marcelo Santos, 2018. "Education and Energy Intensity: Simple Economic Modelling and Preliminary Empirical Results," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, July.
    11. Adom, Philip K. & Kwakwa, Paul Adjei, 2014. "Effects of changing trade structure and technical characteristics of the manufacturing sector on energy intensity in Ghana," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 475-483.
    12. Bishwanath Goldar & Yashobanta Parida & Deepika Sehdev, 2017. "Reduction in Carbon Emissions Intensity and Impact on Export Competitiveness: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Firms," Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy (JICEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 8(02), pages 1-30, June.
    13. Santosh Kumar Sahu, 2014. "Energy Use Patterns and Firm Performance: Evidence from Indian Industries," Working Papers 2014-092, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India.
    14. Inma Martínez-Zarzoso & Shampa Roy-Mukherjee & Finn-Ole Semrau & Anca M. Voicu, 2020. "Pollution Reduction by Rationalization in Indian Firms," Working Papers 2020.01, International Network for Economic Research - INFER.
    15. Dasgupta, Shyamasree & Roy, Joyashree, 2015. "Understanding technological progress and input price as drivers of energy demand in manufacturing industries in India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 1-13.
    16. K., Narayanan & Sahu, Santosh Kumar, 2012. "CO2 Emission and Firm Heterogeneity: A Study of Metals & Metal based Industries in India," MPRA Paper 38061, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy Intensity; Commercial Energy Consumption; Indian Manufacturing Industries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B23 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
    • Q4 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy

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