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Discrimination by Politicians against Religious Minorities: Experimental Evidence from the UK

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  • Crawfurd, Lee
  • Ramli, Ukasha

Abstract

Are Labour party politicians anti-Semitic, and are Conservative party politicians Islamophobic? In this correspondence study we measure the responsiveness of elected local representatives in the United Kingdom to requests from putative constituents from minority religious groups. We send short email requests to 10,268 local government representatives from each of the main political parties, from stereotypically Islamic, Jewish, and Christian names. Response rates are six to seven percentage points lower to stereotypically Muslim or Jewish names. The two major political parties both show equal bias towards the two minority group names. Results suggest that the bias in response may be implicit. Bias is lower in more dense and diverse locations.

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  • Crawfurd, Lee & Ramli, Ukasha, 2020. "Discrimination by Politicians against Religious Minorities: Experimental Evidence from the UK," SocArXiv tc42s, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:tc42s
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/tc42s
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pfaff, Steven & Crabtree, Charles & Kern, Holger L. & Holbein, John B., 2018. "Does religious bias shape access to public services? A large-scale audit experiment among street-level bureaucrats," SocArXiv 9khds, Center for Open Science.
    2. Peter A. Riach & Judith Rich, 2004. "Deceptive Field Experiments of Discrimination: Are they Ethical?," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(3), pages 457-470, August.
    3. Per Adman & Hanna Jansson, 2017. "A field experiment on ethnic discrimination among local Swedish public officials," Local Government Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(1), pages 44-63, January.
    4. Jeff Henderson & Valerie Karn, 1984. "Race, Class and the Allocation of Public Housing in Britain," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 21(2), pages 115-128, May.
    5. McClendon, Gwyneth H., 2016. "Race and Responsiveness: An Experiment with South African Politicians," Journal of Experimental Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(1), pages 60-74, April.
    6. Costa, Mia, 2017. "How Responsive are Political Elites? A Meta-Analysis of Experiments on Public Officials," Journal of Experimental Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 4(3), pages 241-254, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Štěpán Mikula & Josef Montag, 2022. "Roma and Bureaucrats: A Field Experiment in the Czech Republic," MUNI ECON Working Papers 2022-01, Masaryk University, revised Feb 2023.

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