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L'aide au développement et les autres flux nord-sud : Complémentarité ou substitution ?

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Author Info
Denis Cogneau
Sylvie Lambert ()

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Abstract

Cet article s’inscrit dans une réflexion générale sur la cohérence des politiques suivies par les pays du nord dans leurs relations avec les pays du sud. Il s’interroge sur les interactions entre les politiques d’aide, les politiques commerciales, les investissements directs étrangers et les flux de migrations sud-nord. Pour l’essentiel, il est consacré à la question de savoir si l’aide est allouée à des pays qui bénéficient ou pâtissent des autres politiques considérées. Il apparaît que, dans un contexte de forte polarisation des échanges commerciaux et des flux de capitaux et de politiques migratoires biaisées en faveur du travail qualifié, l’aide publique au développement revêt de plus en plus un rôle de compensation des autres flux qui relient les pays développés et les pays en développement, alors même que son poids relatif et donc son pouvoir de compensation a diminué. Par ailleurs, cet article s’intéresse également à un deuxième aspect de la question, celui de l’impact des politiques menées dans les autres domaines sur l’efficacité du dollar d’aide à réduire la pauvreté. Cependant l’identification empirique de l’existence d’une complémentarité positive entre l’aide et les autres politiques du Nord apparaît comme particulièrement difficile.
This paper studies interactions between aid and three other major North-South flows : international trade, FDI and migrations. It mainly focuses on the question of whether aid is allocated to countries that are benefiting from the other flows considered here or the reverse. It appears that aid allocation is increasingly compensatory, while its relative weight among other flows, and hence its compensatory power, has decreased over the past three decades. This paper also addresses whether policies carried out in the other dimensions affect the efficiency of a dollar of aid in terms of the poverty reduction. Nevertheless, it appears that the empirical identification of positive complementarities between aid and other policies is particularly difficult to reach.

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Paper provided by OECD Development Centre in its series OECD Development Centre Working Papers with number 251.

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Date of creation: 28 Jun 2006
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Handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:251-fr

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