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An Evaluation of Protected Area Policies in the European Union

Author

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  • Tristan Grupp
  • Prakash Mishra
  • Mathias Reynaert
  • Arthur A. van Benthem

Abstract

The European Union designates 26% of its landmass as a protected area, limiting economic development to favor biodiversity. This paper uses the staggered introduction of protected-area policies between 1985 and 2020 to study the selection of land for protection and the causal effect of protection on vegetation cover and nightlights. Our results reveal protection did not affect the outcomes in any meaningful way across four decades, all countries, protection cohorts, and a wide range of land and climate attributes. We conclude that European conservation efforts lack ambition because policymakers select land for protection not threatened by development.

Suggested Citation

  • Tristan Grupp & Prakash Mishra & Mathias Reynaert & Arthur A. van Benthem, 2023. "An Evaluation of Protected Area Policies in the European Union," NBER Working Papers 31934, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31934
    Note: EEE
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    1. Marianne Bertrand & Esther Duflo & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2004. "How Much Should We Trust Differences-In-Differences Estimates?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 119(1), pages 249-275.
    2. Sims, Katharine R.E. & Alix-Garcia, Jennifer M., 2017. "Parks versus PES: Evaluating direct and incentive-based land conservation in Mexico," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 8-28.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mathias Reynaert & Eduardo A. Souza-Rodrigues & Arthur A. van Benthem, 2023. "The Environmental Impacts of Protected Area Policy," NBER Working Papers 31873, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Q23 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Forestry
    • Q24 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Land
    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics
    • R14 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Land Use Patterns

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