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Are Asset Demand Functions Determined by CAPM?

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  • Jeffrey A. Frankel
  • William T. Dickens

Abstract

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPH) says that the responsiveness of asset-demands to expected returns depends (inversely) on the variance-covariance matrix of returns, rather than being an arbitrary set of parameters.Previous tests of CAPM have usually computed covariances of returns around sample means, and then checked whether the riskier assets are those with the higher mean returns. We offer a new technique for testing CAPM. The technique requires the use of time series data on actual asset-holdings, and non-linear maximum likelihood estimation. We claim superiority to earlier tests on three grounds. (1) We allow expected returns to vary freely overtime.(2) The alternative hypothesis is well-specified: asset-demands are linear functions of expected returns that do not depend on the variance-covariance matrix.(3) The test-statistic has a known distribution; it is simply a likelihood ratio test. We try the technique on yearly data, 1954-1980, for household holdings of a portfolio of six assets: short-term bills and deposits, tangible assets, federal debt, state and local debt, corporate debt, and equities. Our test rejects the CAPM hypothesis.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 1113.

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Date of creation: Sep 1986
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:1113

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References

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  1. Benjamin M. Friedman & V. Vance Roley, 1979. "A Note on the Derivation of Linear Homogeneous Asset Demand Functions," NBER Working Papers 0345, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  2. Merton, Robert C, 1973. "An Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 41(5), pages 867-87, September.
  3. Blume, Marshall E & Friend, Irwin, 1973. "A New Look at the Capital Asset Pricing Model," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 28(1), pages 19-33, March.
  4. Friend, Irwin & Blume, Marshall E, 1975. "The Demand for Risky Assets," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 65(5), pages 900-922, December.
  5. E.K. Berndt & B.H. Hall & R.E. Hall, 1974. "Estimation and Inference in Nonlinear Structural Models," NBER Chapters, in: Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Volume 3, number 4, pages 103-116 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  6. Frankel, Jeffrey A., 1982. "In search of the exchange risk premium: A six-currency test assuming mean-variance optimization," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 255-274, January.
  7. Ross, Stephen A, 1978. "The Current Status of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 33(3), pages 885-901, June.
  8. Jeffrey A. Frankel & Charles Engel, 1985. "Do Asset-Demand Functions Optimize over the Mean and Variance of Real Returns? A Six-Currency Test," NBER Working Papers 1051, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  9. Black, Stanley W, 1976. "Rational Response to Shocks in a Dynamic Model of Capital Asset Pricing," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 66(5), pages 767-79, December.
  10. William D. Nordhaus & Steven N. Durlauf, 1982. "The Structure of Social Risk," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 648, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
  11. Gibbons, Michael R., 1982. "Multivariate tests of financial models : A new approach," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 3-27, March.
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  1. Charles Engel & Jeffrey A. Frankel & Kenneth A. Froot & Anthony P. Rodrigues, 1989. "Conditional Mean-Variance Efficiency of the U.S. Stock Market," NBER Working Papers 2890, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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