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The Impact of Tax and Transfer Systems on Children in the European Union

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  • Corak, Miles

    () (University of Ottawa)

  • Lietz, Christine

    () (IHS - Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna)

  • Sutherland, Holly

    () (ISER, University of Essex)

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of fiscal policy on the economic resources available to children, and on the child poverty rate. A static microsimulation model specifically designed for the purposes of comparative fiscal analysis in the European Union, EUROMOD, is used to study the age incidence of government taxes and transfers in 2001 in 15 EU countries. Three related questions are addressed. First, what priorities are currently embodied in government budgets across age groups, and in particular to what degree do cash transfer and tax systems benefit children relative to older groups? Second, what fractions of the needs of children are supported by elements of the tax and transfer systems directed explicitly to them? And third, what impact do measures of public resources for children have on child poverty rates?

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Bibliographic Info

Paper provided by Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in its series IZA Discussion Papers with number 1589.

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Length: 65 pages
Date of creation: May 2005
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp1589

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Keywords: poverty; children; social policy;

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References

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  1. Mantovani, Daniela & Sutherland, Holly, 2003. "Social indicators and other income statistics using the EUROMOD baseline: a comparison with Eurostat and National Statistics," EUROMOD Working Papers EM1/03, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  2. Atkinson, A.B., 2005. "EUROMOD and the development of EU social policy," EUROMOD Working Papers EM1/05, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  3. Ruth Hancock & Stephen Pudney & Geraldine Barker & Monica Hernandez & Holly Sutherland, 2004. "The Take-Up of Multiple Means-Tested Benefits by British Pensioners: Evidence from the Family Resources Survey," Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 25(3), pages 279-303, September.
  4. Verbist, Gerlinde, 2004. "Redistributive effect and progressivity of taxes: an international comparison across the EU using EUROMOD," EUROMOD Working Papers EM5/04, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  5. Sutherland, Holly, 2001. "EUROMOD: an integrated European benefit-tax model: final report," EUROMOD Working Papers EM9/01, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  6. Sutherland, Holly & Immervoll, Herwig & O'Donoghue, Cathal, 1999. "An introduction to EUROMOD," EUROMOD Working Papers EM0/99, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  7. Bernd Raffelhuschen & Laurence J. Kotlikoff, 1999. "Generational Accounting around the Globe," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(2), pages 161-166, May.
  8. Ermisch, John, 1989. "Intergenerational Transfers in Industrialised Countries: Effects of Age Distribution and Economic Institutions," Journal of Population Economics, Springer, vol. 1(4), pages 269-84.
  9. Willem Adema, 1999. "Net Social Expenditure," OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers 39, OECD Publishing.
  10. Foster, James & Greer, Joel & Thorbecke, Erik, 1984. "A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(3), pages 761-66, May.
  11. Matsaganis, Manos & O'Donoghue, Cathal & Levy, Horacio & Coromaldi, Manuela & Mercader-Prats, Magda & Rodrigues, Carlos Farinha & Toso, Stefano & Tsakloglou, Panos, 2005. "Child Poverty and Family Transfers in Southern Europe," IZA Discussion Papers 1509, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
  12. Anthony Barnes Atkinson, 2005. "EUROMOD and the Development of EU Social Policy," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 467, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  13. Lietz, Christine & Sutherland, Holly, 2005. "Social indicators and other income statistics using EUROMOD: an assessment of the 2001 Baseline and Changes 1998-2001," EUROMOD Working Papers EM6/05, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  14. Wen-Hao Chen & Miles Corak, 2008. "Child poverty and changes in child poverty," Demography, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 537-553, August.
  15. Herwig Immervoll & Cathal O’Donoghue, 2003. "Employment Transitions in 13 European Countries. Levels, Distributions and Determining Factors of Net Replacement Rates," CESifo Working Paper Series 1091, CESifo Group Munich.
  16. Callan, Tim & Sutherland, Holly, 1997. "The impact of comparable policies in European countries: Microsimulation approaches," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(3-5), pages 627-633, April.
  17. Esther Duflo, 2000. "Child Health and Household Resources in South Africa: Evidence from the Old Age Pension Program," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(2), pages 393-398, May.
  18. Heady, Christopher & Mitrakos, Theodore & Tsakloglou, Panos, 2001. "The Distributional Impact of Social Transfers in the European Union: Evidence from the ECHP," IZA Discussion Papers 356, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
  19. Verbist, Gerlinde, 2005. "Replacement incomes and taxes: a distributional analysis for the EU-15 countries," EUROMOD Working Papers EM2/05, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
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Citations

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Cited by:
  1. Miles Corak & Michael Fertig & Marcus Tamm, 2005. "A Portrait of Child Poverty in Germany," Innocenti Working Papers inwopa05/29, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.
  2. Levy, Horacio & Lietz, Christine & Sutherland, Holly, 2005. "Alternative tax-benefits strategies to support children in the European Union: recent reforms in Austria, Spain and the United Kingdom," EUROMOD Working Papers EM10/05, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  3. Marx, Ive & Vanhille, Josefine & Verbist, Gerlinde, 2011. "Combating In-Work Poverty in Continental Europe: An Investigation Using the Belgian Case," IZA Discussion Papers 6067, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
  4. Baclet, Alexandre & Dell, Fabien & Wrohlich, Katharina, 2005. "Income Taxation and Household Size: Would French Family Splitting Make German Families Better Off?," IZA Discussion Papers 1894, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
  5. Louise Sheiner, 2009. "Intergenerational aspects of health care," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2009-38, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  6. Dang, Thai-Thanh & Immervoll, Herwig & Mantovani, Daniela & Orsini, Kristian & Sutherland, Holly, 2006. "An Age Perspective on Economic Well-Being and Social Protection in Nine OECD Countries," IZA Discussion Papers 2173, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
  7. Alexandre Baclet & Fabien Dell & Viktor Steiner & Katharina Wrohlich, 2005. "Verteilungseffekte der staatlichen Familienförderung: ein empirischer Vergleich zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich ; Kurzexpertise ; Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Forschun," DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 9, number pbk9, May.
  8. Figari, Francesco & Paulus, Alari & Sutherland, Holly, 2009. "Measuring the size and impact of public cash support for children in cross-national perspective," EUROMOD Working Papers EM6/09, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  9. Lietz, Christine & Mantovani, Daniela, 2006. "Lessons from building and using EUROMOD," EUROMOD Working Papers EM5/06, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  10. Levy, Horacio & Lietz, Christine & Sutherland, Holly, 2006. "Alternative Tax-Benefit Strategies to Support Children in the European Union. Recent Reforms in Austria, Spain and the UK," Economics Series 185, Institute for Advanced Studies.

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