IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ipg/wpaper/2021-010.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Enterprise Risk Management and Solvency: The Case of the Listed EU Insurers

Author

Listed:
  • Duc Khuong Nguyen
  • Dinh-Tri Vo

Abstract

We investigate the relationship between Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) adoption and solvency for publicly listed insurers in the European Union. Our results, which control for endogeneity problem, show that ERM-adoption insurers experience a decrease in their solvency level, which may trigger their financial vulnerability in the case of unexpected shocks. Firmspecific characteristics such as leverage, ROA, combined-ratio and business type are also found to significantly increase the EU insurers? solvency, whereas the impact of firm size and age is insignificant. Moreover, insurers that have adopted the ERM share the common characteristics of higher performance, higher leverage, bigger size, and more diversified businesses. Finally, the demand of the market is an important factor of ERM adoption and insurance solvency.

Suggested Citation

  • Duc Khuong Nguyen & Dinh-Tri Vo, 2021. "Enterprise Risk Management and Solvency: The Case of the Listed EU Insurers," Working Papers 2021-010, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2021-010
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://faculty-research.ipag.edu/wp-content/uploads/recherche/WP/IPAG_WP_2021_010.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Carson, James & Hoyt, Robert, 2000. "Evaluating the risk of life insurer insolvency: implications from the US for the European Union," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 10(3-4), pages 297-314, December.
    2. Stulz, René M., 1984. "Optimal Hedging Policies," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 19(2), pages 127-140, June.
    3. Eckles, David L. & Hoyt, Robert E. & Miller, Steve M., 2014. "The impact of enterprise risk management on the marginal cost of reducing risk: Evidence from the insurance industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 247-261.
    4. Brian W. Nocco & René M. Stulz, 2006. "Enterprise Risk Management: Theory and Practice," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 18(4), pages 8-20, September.
    5. Yanbo Jin & Philippe Jorion, 2006. "Firm Value and Hedging: Evidence from U.S. Oil and Gas Producers," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 61(2), pages 893-919, April.
    6. Donald Pagach & Richard Warr, 2011. "The Characteristics of Firms That Hire Chief Risk Officers," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 78(1), pages 185-211, March.
    7. J. Cummins & Georges Dionne & Robert Gagné & A. Nouira, 2009. "Efficiency of insurance firms with endogenous risk management and financial intermediation activities," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 32(2), pages 145-159, October.
    8. Purnanandam, Amiyatosh, 2008. "Financial distress and corporate risk management: Theory and evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(3), pages 706-739, March.
    9. Peter Mackay & Sara B. Moeller, 2007. "The Value of Corporate Risk Management," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 62(3), pages 1379-1419, June.
    10. Thomas R. Berry†Stölzle & Jianren Xu, 2018. "Enterprise Risk Management and the Cost of Capital," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 85(1), pages 159-201, March.
    11. André P. Liebenberg & Robert E. Hoyt, 2003. "The Determinants of Enterprise Risk Management: Evidence From the Appointment of Chief Risk Officers," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 6(1), pages 37-52, February.
    12. Samson, Danny A., 1987. "Corporate risk philosophy for improved risk management," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 107-122, April.
    13. Malkiel, B.G, & ., 1991. "Assessing The Solvency Of The Insurance Industry," Papers 76, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - John M. Olin Program.
    14. Liang, Deron & Lu, Chia-Chi & Tsai, Chih-Fong & Shih, Guan-An, 2016. "Financial ratios and corporate governance indicators in bankruptcy prediction: A comprehensive study," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 252(2), pages 561-572.
    15. Renbao Chen & Kie Ann Wong, 2004. "The Determinants of Financial Health of Asian Insurance Companies," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 71(3), pages 469-499, September.
    16. Alexander Bohnert & Nadine Gatzert & Robert E. Hoyt & Philipp Lechner, 2019. "The drivers and value of enterprise risk management: evidence from ERM ratings," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(3), pages 234-255, February.
    17. Nizar Baklouti & Frédéric Gautier & Habib Affes, 2016. "Corporate Governance and Financial Distress of European Commercial Banks," Post-Print halshs-02308478, HAL.
    18. Yow, Shaun & Sherris, Michael, 2008. "Enterprise Risk Management, Insurer Value Maximisation, and Market Frictions," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(1), pages 293-339, May.
    19. Jevtić, Petar & Regis, Luca, 2015. "Assessing the solvency of insurance portfolios via a continuous-time cohort model," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 36-47.
    20. J. François Outreville, 2013. "The Relationship Between Insurance and Economic Development: 85 Empirical Papers for a Review of the Literature," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 16(1), pages 71-122, March.
    21. Charles Smithson & Betty J. Simkins, 2005. "Does Risk Management Add Value? A Survey of the Evidence," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 17(3), pages 8-17, June.
    22. Gaver, Jennifer J. & Paterson, Jeffrey S., 2004. "Do insurers manipulate loss reserves to mask solvency problems?," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 393-416, September.
    23. Jing Ai & Vickie Bajtelsmit & Tianyang Wang, 2018. "The Combined Effect of Enterprise Risk Management and Diversification on Property and Casualty Insurer Performance," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 85(2), pages 513-543, June.
    24. Eckles, David L. & Hoyt, Robert E. & Miller, Steve M., 2014. "Reprint of: The impact of enterprise risk management on the marginal cost of reducing risk: Evidence from the insurance industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 409-423.
    25. Pasiouras, Fotios & Gaganis, Chrysovalantis, 2013. "Regulations and soundness of insurance firms: International evidence," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(5), pages 632-642.
    26. Philipp Lechner & Nadine Gatzert, 2018. "Determinants and value of enterprise risk management: empirical evidence from Germany," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(10), pages 867-887, July.
    27. Robert E. Hoyt & Andre P. Liebenberg, 2011. "The Value of Enterprise Risk Management," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 78(4), pages 795-822, December.
    28. Stewart Jones, 2017. "Corporate bankruptcy prediction: a high dimensional analysis," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 1366-1422, September.
    29. Geoffrey Bell & Prem Watsa & Bijan Khosrowshahi & Brian Duperreault & Nikolaus Von Bomhard, 2009. "International Insurance Society Roundtable on Risk Management After the Crisis," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 21(4), pages 28-51, September.
    30. David F. Babbel & Anthony M. Santomero, 1997. "Risk Management by Insurers: An Analysis of the Process," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 96-16, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
    31. Nadine Gatzert & Michael Martin, 2015. "Determinants and Value of Enterprise Risk Management: Empirical Evidence From the Literature," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 18(1), pages 29-53, March.
    32. Grant Kirkpatrick, 2009. "The corporate governance lessons from the financial crisis," OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, OECD Publishing, vol. 2009(1), pages 61-87.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jassem Alokla & Arief Daynes & Paraskevas Pagas & Panagiotis Tzouvanas, 2023. "Solvency determinants: evidence from the Takaful insurance industry," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 48(4), pages 847-871, October.
    2. Maria Carannante & Valeria D’Amato & Paola Fersini & Salvatore Forte & Giuseppe Melisi, 2022. "Disruption of Life Insurance Profitability in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Lenka Syrová & Jindřich Špička, 2022. "The Impact of Foreign Capital on the Level of ERM Implementation in Czech SMEs," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, February.
    4. Woong Park & Hyunchul Ahn, 2022. "Not All Churn Customers Are the Same: Investigating the Effect of Customer Churn Heterogeneity on Customer Value in the Financial Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, September.
    5. Sorin Gabriel Anton & Anca Elena Afloarei Nucu, 2020. "Enterprise Risk Management: A Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, November.
    6. Toloo, Mehdi & Tone, Kaoru & Izadikhah, Mohammad, 2023. "Selecting slacks-based data envelopment analysis models," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 308(3), pages 1302-1318.
    7. Barry Sheehan & Christian Humberg & Darren Shannon & Michael Fortmann & Stefan Materne, 2023. "Diversification and Solvency II: the capital effect of portfolio swaps on non-life insurers," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 48(4), pages 872-905, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sorin Gabriel Anton & Anca Elena Afloarei Nucu, 2020. "Enterprise Risk Management: A Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Dionne, Georges & El Hraiki, Rayane & Mnasri, Mohamed, 2023. "Determinants and real effects of joint hedging: An empirical analysis of US oil and gas producers," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    3. Evan M. Eastman & Jianren Xu, 2021. "Market reactions to enterprise risk management adoption, incorporation by rating agencies, and ORSA Act passage," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 24(2), pages 151-180, June.
    4. Muhammed Altuntas & Thomas R. Berry-Stölzle & J. David Cummins, 2021. "Enterprise risk management and economies of scale and scope: evidence from the German insurance industry," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 299(1), pages 811-845, April.
    5. Alessandra Allini & Raffaela Casciello & Marco Maffei & Martina Prisco, 2022. "The national culture as a determinant of ERM quality: Empirical evidence in the European banking context," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2022(1), pages 79-102.
    6. Rami Shaheen & Mehmet Ağa & Husam Rjoub & Ahmad Abualrub, 2020. "Investigation of the Pillars of Sustainability Risk Management as an Extension of Enterprise Risk Management on Palestinian Insurance Firms’ Profitability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-20, June.
    7. Al-Amri, Khalid & Davydov, Yevgeniy, 2016. "Testing the effectiveness of ERM: Evidence from operational losses," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 70-82.
    8. José Ruiz-Canela López, 2021. "How Can Enterprise Risk Management Help in Evaluating the Operational Risks for a Telecommunications Company?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-26, March.
    9. Heidinger, Dinah & Gatzert, Nadine, 2018. "Awareness, determinants and value of reputation risk management: Empirical evidence from the banking and insurance industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 106-118.
    10. Milos Sprcic, Danijela & Pecina, Ena & Orsag, Silvije, 2017. "Enterprise Risk Management Practices In Listed Croatian Companies," UTMS Journal of Economics, University of Tourism and Management, Skopje, Macedonia, vol. 8(3), pages 219-230.
    11. Chen, Yu-Lun & Chuang, Yi-Wei & Huang, Hong-Gia & Shih, Jhuan-Yu, 2020. "The value of implementing enterprise risk management: Evidence from Taiwan’s financial industry," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    12. Patrick Dahmen, 2023. "Organizational resilience as a key property of enterprise risk management in response to novel and severe crisis events," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 26(2), pages 203-245, July.
    13. Nadine Gatzert & Madeline Schubert, 2022. "Cyber risk management in the US banking and insurance industry: A textual and empirical analysis of determinants and value," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 89(3), pages 725-763, September.
    14. Dionne, Georges & El Hraiki, Rayane & Mnasri, Mohamed, 2022. "Determinants and real effects of joint hedging: An empirical analysis of the US petroleum industry," Working Papers 22-4, HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management.
    15. Baltuttis, Dennik & Töppel, Jannick & Tränkler, Timm & Wiethe, Christian, 2020. "Managing the risks of energy efficiency insurances in a portfolio context: An actuarial diversification approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    16. Olayinka Adedayo Erin & Adebola Daniel Kolawole & Abdurafiu Olaiya Noah, 2020. "Risk governance and cybercrime: the hierarchical regression approach," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-15, December.
    17. Therese R. Viscelli & Mark S. Beasley & Dana R. Hermanson, 2016. "Research Insights About Risk Governance," SAGE Open, , vol. 6(4), pages 21582440166, November.
    18. ŞENOL, Zekai & KARACA, Süleyman Serdar, 2017. "The Effect Of Enterprise Risk Management On Firm Performance: A Case Study On Turkey," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 21(2), pages 6-30.
    19. Danijela Miloš Sprèiæ Antonija Kožul Ena Pecina, 2017. "Managers’ Support – A Key Driver behind Enterprise Risk Management Maturity," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, vol. 20(SCI), pages 25-39, April.
    20. Gamze Ozturk Danisman & Pelin Demirel, 2019. "Corporate risk management practices and firm value in an emerging market: a mixed methods approach," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(1), pages 19-47, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    risk management; ERM; insurance; solvency;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2021-010. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ingmar Schumacher (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ipagpfr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.