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Measuring Monetary Policy Stance in Brazil

Author

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  • Brisne J. V. Céspedes
  • Elcyon C. R. Lima
  • Alexis Maka
  • Mário J. C. Mendonça

Abstract

In this article we use the theory of conditional forecasts to develop a new Monetary Conditions Index (MCI) for Brazil and compare it to the ones constructed using the methodologies suggested by Bernanke and Mihov (1998) and Batini and Turnbull (2002). We use Sims and Zha (1999) and Waggoner and Zha (1999) approaches to develop and compute Bayesian error bands for the MCIs. The new indicator we develop is called the Conditional Monetary Conditions Index (CMCI) and is constructed using, alternatively, Structural Vector Autoregressions (SVARs) and Forward-Looking (FL) models. The CMCI is the forecasted output gap, conditioned on observed values of the nominal interest rate (the Selic rate) and of the real exchange rate. We show that the CMCI, when compared to the MCI developed by Batini and Turnbull (2002), is a better measure of monetary policy stance because it takes into account the endogeneity of variables involved in the analysis. The CMCI and the Bernanke and Mihov MCI (BMCI), despite conceptual differences, show similarities in their chronology of the stance of monetary policy in Brazil. The CMCI is a smoother version of the BMCI, possibly because the impact of changes in the observed values of the Selic rate is partially compensated by changes in the value of the real exchange rate. The Brazilian monetary policy, in the 2000:9- 2005:4 period and according to the last two indicators, has been expansionary near election months. Neste artigo utiliza-se a teoria das previsões condicionais para o desenvolvimento de um novo Índice de Condições Monetárias [Monetary Conditions Index (MCI)] para o Brasil, comparando-o com os índices obtidos seguindo as metodologias sugeridas por Bernanke e Mihov (1998) e Batini e Turnbull (2002). Adicionalmente, desenvolvem-se e calculam-se intervalos de confiança bayesianos para os MCIs, empregando-se a abordagem proposta por Sims e Zha (1999) e Waggoner e Zha (1999). O novo indicador desenvolvido é chamado de Índice de Condições Monetárias Condicional [Conditional Monetary Conditionals Index (CMCI)], e é construído utilizando-se alternativamente os modelos de Auto-regressão Vetorial Estrutural [Structural Vector Autoregressions (SVARs) e Antecipativo [Forward-Looking (FL). O CMCI é a previsão do hiato do produto, condicionada aos valores observados da taxa de juros nominal (taxa Selic) e da taxa de câmbio real. Mostra-se que o CMCI, comparado ao MCI desenvolvido por Batini e Turnbull (2002), é um melhor indicador do estado da política monetária porque leva em consideração a endogeneidade das variáveis envolvidas na análise. O CMCI e o MCI Bernanke-Mihov (BMCI), apesar das diferenças conceituais, estabelecem uma cronologia semelhante para o estado da política monetária no Brasil. O CMCI é uma versão suavizada do BMCI, provavelmente porque o impacto de mudanças nos valores observados da taxa Selic é parcialmente compensado por mudanças no valor da taxa de câmbio real. De acordo com o CMCI e o BMCI, no período entre setembro de 2000 e abril de 2005, a política monetária brasileira tem sido expansionista nos meses próximos às eleições.

Suggested Citation

  • Brisne J. V. Céspedes & Elcyon C. R. Lima & Alexis Maka & Mário J. C. Mendonça, 2015. "Measuring Monetary Policy Stance in Brazil," Discussion Papers 0160, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0160
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    Cited by:

    1. Elcyon C. R. Lima & Alexis Maka & Mário Mendonça, 2007. "Monetary Policy Regimes in Brazil," Discussion Papers 1285, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
    2. Andrzej Toroj, 2008. "Estimation of weights for the Monetary Conditions Index in Poland," Working Papers 27, Department of Applied Econometrics, Warsaw School of Economics.
    3. Fredj Jawadi & Sushanta Kumar Mallick & Ricardo Magalhães Sousa, 2014. "Nonlinear monetary policy reaction functions in large emerging economies: the case of Brazil and China," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(9), pages 973-984, March.

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