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Políticas de capital humano: qué pueden conseguir y qué no en cuanto a la productividad y la reducción de la pobreza en América Latina

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Author Info
Suzanne Duryea
Carmen Pagés-Serra ()

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Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) El aumento de la productividad de la mano de obra se entiende como un factor crítico del aumento del crecimiento económico y la reducción de los niveles de pobreza en América Latina. Se sigue señalando a los bajos niveles de preparación como el principal obstáculo de una mayor productividad en la región. Analizamos el alcance de la educación como medio para hacer subir el ingreso del trabajo por encima del nivel de pobreza en América Latina, y hallamos que en muchos países la educación, por sí sola, tiene un potencial positivo pero limitado para aumentar los salarios por encima de un nivel mínimo. En general, las perspectivas son poco alentadoras porque se ha avanzado con mucha lentitud en el aumento de los niveles medios de escolaridad, incluso según los mejores escenarios históricos. También analizamos si la incidencia de los bajos salarios y las precarias condiciones subyacentes en el nivel de escolaridad pueden explicar la aparente insuficiencia educativa. Hallamos que la inversión en educación sigue arrojando resultados importantes, pero que la precariedad de las condiciones subyacentes explica las escasas perspectivas del papel de la educación en el corto plazo. Esto nos lleva a pensar en el tipo de políticas adicionales que se deberían considerar para poder asegurar un mayor nivel de productividad para los trabajadores de la región.

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Paper provided by Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department in its series RES Working Papers with number 4298.

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Date of creation: Apr 2002
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Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4298

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