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Les mesures d'incitation au travail des personnes peu qualifiées

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  • Hélène Périvier

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

Dans la période récente, plusieurs pays ont attribué la persistance du chômage de masse à l'existence de trappe à inactivité. En raison de la générosité du système social envers les personnes sans emploi, reprendre un travail est devenu peu rentable pour les actifs peu qualifiés, en particulier pour les personnes seules avec enfants ou pour le premier travailleur d'un couple, sans et surtout avec enfants. La reprise d'un emploi à temps partiel n'apporte généralement aucun gain de ressources. De nombreux pays ont réduit la fiscalité portant sur les bas revenus ; la France a, de plus, réformé plusieurs prestations. Quatre pays : Royaume-Uni, Belgique, Pays-Bas et France, ont introduit des crédits d'impôt pour garantir que " le travail paie ". La plupart des évaluations aboutissent à des impacts décevants : la recherche d'un emploi est légèrement stimulé, mais, souvent, la formule adoptée incite à la réduction du temps de travail et décourage le travail des femmes mariées. Par ailleurs, il apparaît difficile de concilier l'objectif incitatif et des effets redistributifs satisfaisants. Enfin, la mesure n'est efficace que si le marché du travail des non qualifiés ne souffre pas d'une insuffisance de demande de travail de la part des entreprises, ce qui est contestable est Europe continentale.

Suggested Citation

  • Hélène Périvier, 2003. "Les mesures d'incitation au travail des personnes peu qualifiées," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-00972680, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-00972680
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00972680
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