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Les avaries communes : étude d'une alternative plus équitable à la taxe carbone

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  • Charlotte Demonsant

    (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Kevin Levillain

    (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Blanche Segrestin

    (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

La réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) apparaît comme un enjeu majeur de la limitation du réchauffement climatique et nécessite une action collective inédite. Les solutions actuelles (prix carbone, auto-organisation de l'action) peinent à coordonner de manière juste et efficace l'action à conduire. La crise des gilets jaunes en 2018 suite à l'augmentation de l'écotaxe en France en est une illustration. Nous partons du constat d'un dilemme équité/ efficacité (Manne and Stephan, 2005) dans la conception des politiques climatiques et proposons d'étudier un modèle alternatif, dit des avaries communes, inspiré du droit maritime. Contrairement aux mécanismes classiques découlant du concept de prix carbone et basé sur un principe de responsabilité du pollueur-payeur, ce modèle repose sur un principe très différent. L'idée est en effet, qu'en cas de péril commun, comme le changement climatique, l'effort de réduction consenti par l'un permet de préserver les richesses des autres et doit donc être partagé. Sur cette base, il est possible de réfléchir à une action efficace en s'assurant par ailleurs que son coût soit mutualisé de manière équitable. Dans cette contribution, nous comparons les effets en termes d'efficacité et d'équité d'une taxe carbone et de notre modèle d'avaries communes. Nous démontrons le couplage « négatif » entre équité et efficacité du mécanisme de taxe carbone et la propriété du modèle des avaries communes à dissocier équité et efficacité. Nous explicitons pour chacun des modèles les latitudes d'action, les connaissances minimales nécessaires à l'action et la prise en compte de trois critères essentiels à une politique climatique : l'atteinte de l'objectif environnemental, l'efficacité économique et l'équité. Nous rendons ainsi compte des dépendances/indépendances entre ces dimensions des deux mécanismes étudiés et ouvrons une nouvelle voie pour penser une coordination de l'action de réduction juste et efficace.

Suggested Citation

  • Charlotte Demonsant & Kevin Levillain & Blanche Segrestin, 2021. "Les avaries communes : étude d'une alternative plus équitable à la taxe carbone," Post-Print hal-03406020, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03406020
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://minesparis-psl.hal.science/hal-03406020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emmanuel Combet & Frédéric Ghersi & Jean-Charles Hourcade & Camille Thubin, 2010. "La fiscalité carbone au risque des enjeux d'équité," Revue française d'économie, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(2), pages 59-91.
    2. Pan, Xunzhang & Teng, Fei & Wang, Gehua, 2014. "A comparison of carbon allocation schemes: On the equity-efficiency tradeoff," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 222-229.
    3. Manne, Alan S. & Stephan, Gunter, 2005. "Global climate change and the equity–efficiency puzzle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(14), pages 2525-2536.
    4. Yue-Jun Zhang & Jun-Fang Hao, 2017. "Carbon emission quota allocation among China’s industrial sectors based on the equity and efficiency principles," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 255(1), pages 117-140, August.
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