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Global village vs. small town : Understanding networks at the Base of the Pyramid

Author

Listed:
  • Miguel Rivera-Santos

    (EM - EMLyon Business School)

  • Carlos Rufin

Abstract

We compare and contrast business networks at the Base of the Pyramid (BOP) and at the Top of the Pyramid (TOP), and analyze their implications for multinational enterprises (MNEs). We first identify the specificities of BOP environments in terms of competitive environment and institutions. Building on this analysis, we develop a series of propositions regarding the impact of these specificities on the structural characteristics of BOP networks, their boundaries, the characteristics of their ties, the diversity of their partners, and their evolution over time, as compared to TOP networks. Our analysis suggests that major differences exist between both types of networks along all dimensions and that these differences have important implications for MNEs active in BOP environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Miguel Rivera-Santos & Carlos Rufin, 2010. "Global village vs. small town : Understanding networks at the Base of the Pyramid," Post-Print hal-02313131, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02313131
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    Cited by:

    1. Colin C. Williams & Alvaro Martinez–Perez & Abbi M. Kedir, 2017. "Informal Entrepreneurship in Developing Economies: The Impacts of Starting up Unregistered on firm Performance," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 41(5), pages 773-799, September.
    2. Zhi Tang & Sandra Rothenberg & Jintong Tang & Renhong Zhu & Hongxin Zhao, 2023. "Social stratification and the philanthropy engagement strategy: Evidence from Chinese entrepreneurial firms," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 40(4), pages 1579-1606, December.
    3. Alexey Bereznoy, 2018. "Innovative Business Models In The Strategic Adaptation Of Multinationals To Emerging Economy Environment," HSE Working papers WP BRP 85/STI/2018, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    4. Purohit, Sonal & Paul, Justin & Mishra, Rikee, 2021. "Rethinking the bottom of the pyramid: Towards a new marketing mix," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    5. Antoaneta Daneshka, 2016. "Culture and International Business," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 1, pages 88-111.
    6. Kate Odziemkowska & Sinziana Dorobantu, 2021. "Contracting Beyond the Market," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 32(3), pages 776-803, May.
    7. Kate Meagher, 2018. "Cannibalizing the Informal Economy: Frugal Innovation and Economic Inclusion in Africa," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 30(1), pages 17-33, January.
    8. Addisu A. Lashitew & Somendra Narayan & Eugenia Rosca & Lydia Bals, 2022. "Creating Social Value for the ‘Base of the Pyramid’: An Integrative Review and Research Agenda," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 178(2), pages 445-466, June.
    9. Meagher, Kate, 2015. "Leaving no-one behind? Informal economies, economic inclusion, and Islamic extremism in Nigeria," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 62140, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    10. Gupta, Suraksha & Kanungo, Rama Prasad, 2022. "Financial inclusion through digitalisation: Economic viability for the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) segment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 262-276.
    11. Ingenbleek, Paul T.M. & Tessema, Workneh Kassa & van Trijp, Hans C.M., 2013. "Conducting field research in subsistence markets, with an application to market orientation in the context of Ethiopian pastoralists," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 83-97.
    12. Gold, Stefan & Hahn, Rüdiger & Seuring, Stefan, 2013. "Sustainable supply chain management in “Base of the Pyramid” food projects—A path to triple bottom line approaches for multinationals?," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(5), pages 784-799.
    13. Tim G. Andrews & Khin Thi Htun, 2018. "Economic Inequality, Cultural Orientation and Base-of-Pyramid Employee Performance at the MNC Subsidiary: A Multi-Case Investigation," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 337-357, April.
    14. Colin C. Williams & Abbi M. Kedir, 2017. "Evaluating The Impacts Of Starting Up Unregistered On Firm Performance In Africa," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(03), pages 1-20, September.
    15. Belussi, Fiorenza & Orsi, Luigi & Savarese, Maria, 2019. "Mapping Business Model Research: A Document Bibliometric Analysis," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(3).
    16. Tassilo Schuster & Dirk Holtbrügge, 2014. "Benefits of Cross‐sector Partnerships in Markets at the Base of the Pyramid," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(3), pages 188-203, March.
    17. De Beule, Filip & Klein, Martin & Verwaal, Ernst, 2020. "Institutional quality and inclusive strategies at the base of the pyramid," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(5).
    18. Robert L. Williams, Jr. & Maktoba Omar, 2013. "Case Study: Utilizing the VFBOP model for entry into emerging markets: Grameen Danone Foods," Transnational Marketing Journal, Oxbridge Publishing House, UK, vol. 1(1), pages 59-71, October.

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