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Une gouvernance fondée sur une utopie de l'échange

Author

Listed:
  • Michel Baupin

    (NIMEC - Normandie Innovation Marché Entreprise Consommation - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - IRIHS - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université)

Abstract

Pour un dépassement des visions comptables actionnariale et partenariale Michel BAUPIN Chercheur associé au NIMEC (Normandie Innovation Marché Entreprise Consommation)-IAE – Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (14) RÉSUMÉ. Dans cette communication, nous tentons d'apprécier la pertinence des deux visions de la gouvernance de l'entreprise qui influencent la manière de concevoir la comptabilité, la relation entre la comptabilité et la gouvernance étant fondée sur la recherche par celle-ci de l'efficience organisationnelle. La vision actionnariale répond à la théorie du « propriétaire » selon laquelle l'entreprise représente ses propriétaires et n'a pas d'autonomie propre, l'objet de la comptabilité étant d'établir des comptes en vue de comparer les valeurs que sont les revenus, les coûts et leur solde appelé « résultat » qui n'a de sens qu'à l'égard des propriétaires qui en sont les bénéficiaires. A l'opposé, la vision partenariale répond à la théorie de l'« entité » selon laquelle les comptes sont envisagés sous l'angle de la séparation de l'entreprise et de ses propriétaires qui sont alors considérés comme de simples créanciers (Geschäftstheorie). Le capital apporté doit alors être géré car il représente un « coût », notion qui débouche sur une véritable mutation managériale. Nous proposons la construction d'une utopie de l'enregistrement comptable de l'acte d'échange qui donne à la gouvernance la possibilité d'inscrire le fonctionnement de l'entreprise dans une dynamique favorable aux actionnaires, aux salariés et aux clients. MOTS-CLÉS : valeur d'échange, création de valeur, échange valeur pour valeur, gouvernance, utopie, rente, coût du capital, théorie du propriétaire, théorie de l'entité, théorie de l'agence. ABSTRACT. In this communication, we are trying to appreciate the relevance of two visions of corporate governance that influence how to conceive accounting, the relationship between both of them is based on research by the latter's organizational efficiency. The shareholder's vision answers to the "ownership" theory that the company represents his owners and does not have self autonomy, the purpose of accounting is then to establish accounts in order to compare values which are incomes, costs and their balance called "result" which meaning only exists in respect of the shareholders who are beneficiaries for it. In contrast, the partnership's vision responds to the "entity" theory that the accounts are discussed in the context of the separation between the company and its shareholders who are then treated as mere creditors in the same way as other lenders (Geschäftstheorie). As a consequence, the injected capital must be managed because it represents a "cost", a concept that leads to a real mutation in managerial activities. We consider the issue of accounting theory in terms of the act of exchange, clarifiying in this way the notion of governance.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Baupin, 2016. "Une gouvernance fondée sur une utopie de l'échange," Post-Print hal-01744981, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01744981
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01744981
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