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Can an Angry Woman Get Ahead? Status Conferral, Gender, and Expression of Emotion in the Workplace

Author

Listed:
  • Eric Luis Uhlmann

    (Kellogg School of Management - Northwestern University)

  • Victoria Brescoll

    (Department of Psychology - Yale University [New Haven])

Abstract

Three studies examined the relationships among anger, gender, and status conferral. As in prior research, men who expressed anger in a professional context were conferred higher status than men who expressed sadness. However, both male and female evaluators conferred lower status on angry female professionals than on angry male professionals. This was the case regardless of the actual occupational rank of the target, such that both a female trainee and a female CEO were given lower status if they expressed anger than if they did not. Whereas women's emotional reactions were attributed to internal characteristics (e.g., "she is an angry person," "she is out of control"), men's emotional reactions were attributed to external circumstances. Providing an external attribution for the target person's anger eliminated the gender bias. Theoretical implications and practical applications are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Luis Uhlmann & Victoria Brescoll, 2008. "Can an Angry Woman Get Ahead? Status Conferral, Gender, and Expression of Emotion in the Workplace," Post-Print hal-00516598, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00516598
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02079.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Edgar A Duéñez-Guzmán & Suzanne Sadedin, 2012. "Evolving Righteousness in a Corrupt World," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(9), pages 1-7, September.
    2. Ho, Foo Nin & Wong, Jared & Brodowsky, Glen, 2023. "Does masstige offer the prestige of luxury without the social costs? Status and warmth perceptions from masstige and luxury signals," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PA).
    3. J. Stuart Bunderson & Gerben S. Van der Vegt & Raymond T. Sparrowe, 2014. "Status Inertia and Member Replacement in Role-Differentiated Teams," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(1), pages 57-72, February.
    4. Bowles, Hannah Riley, 2012. "Claiming Authority: How Women Explain their Ascent to Top Business Leadership Positions," Scholarly Articles 9830355, Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
    5. Dheer, Ratan J.S. & Li, Mingxiang & Treviño, Len J., 2019. "An integrative approach to the gender gap in entrepreneurship across nations," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 54(6), pages 1-1.
    6. Barasch, Alixandra & Levine, Emma E. & Schweitzer, Maurice E., 2016. "Bliss is ignorance: How the magnitude of expressed happiness influences perceived naiveté and interpersonal exploitation," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 184-206.
    7. Paola Belingheri & Filippo Chiarello & Andrea Fronzetti Colladon & Paola Rovelli, 2021. "Twenty years of gender equality research: A scoping review based on a new semantic indicatorr," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(9), pages 1-27, September.
    8. Eva Asselmann & Jule Specht, 2023. "Climbing the Career Ladder Does Not Make You Happy: Well-being Changes in the Years Before and After Becoming a Leader," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 1037-1058, March.
    9. Jamie L. Gloor & Manuela Morf & Samantha Paustian-Underdahl & Uschi Backes-Gellner, 2020. "Fix the Game, Not the Dame: Restoring Equity in Leadership Evaluations," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 161(3), pages 497-511, January.
    10. Lakshmi Balachandra & Tony Briggs & Kim Eddleston & Candida Brush, 2019. "Don’t Pitch Like a Girl!: How Gender Stereotypes Influence Investor Decisions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(1), pages 116-137, January.
    11. Minson, Julia A. & VanEpps, Eric M. & Yip, Jeremy A. & Schweitzer, Maurice E., 2018. "Eliciting the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth: The effect of question phrasing on deception," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 76-93.
    12. Punam Raj & Mrinalini Pandey & Asrana Khatoon, 2023. "Breaking the Mold-Analyzing Gender Stereotyping in the Workplace Through Bibliometric and Content Analysis," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.
    13. Juan Sebastian Olier & Camilla Spadavecchia, 2022. "Stereotypes, disproportions, and power asymmetries in the visual portrayal of migrants in ten countries: an interdisciplinary AI-based approach," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-16, December.
    14. Bowles, Hannah Riley, 2012. "Claiming Authority: How Women Explain Their Ascent to Top Business Leadership Positions," Working Paper Series rwp12-047, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    15. Ellis, Lillien M., 2022. "The interpersonal consequences of stealing ideas: Worse character judgments and less co-worker support for an idea (vs. money) thief," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    16. Alicia R. Ingersoll & Christy Glass & Alison Cook & Kari Joseph Olsen, 2019. "Power, Status and Expectations: How Narcissism Manifests Among Women CEOs," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 158(4), pages 893-907, September.
    17. Jessica M. Salerno & Hannah J. Phalen, 2019. "Traditional Gender Roles and Backlash Against Female Attorneys Expressing Anger in Court," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(4), pages 909-932, December.
    18. Jessica Sullivan & Corinne Moss-Racusin & Michael Lopez & Katherine Williams, 2018. "Backlash against gender stereotype-violating preschool children," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(4), pages 1-24, April.
    19. Hmieleski, Keith M. & Sheppard, Leah D., 2019. "The Yin and Yang of entrepreneurship: Gender differences in the importance of communal and agentic characteristics for entrepreneurs' subjective well-being and performance," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 709-730.
    20. Kaitlin McCormick-Huhn & Stephanie A Shields, 2021. "The emotion storyboard: A method to examine social judgments of emotion," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(4), pages 1-23, April.

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