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Power, Status and Expectations: How Narcissism Manifests Among Women CEOs

Author

Listed:
  • Alicia R. Ingersoll

    (Utah State University)

  • Christy Glass

    (Utah State University)

  • Alison Cook

    (Utah State University)

  • Kari Joseph Olsen

    (Utah State University)

Abstract

Firms face mounting pressure to appoint ethical leaders who will avoid unnecessary risk, scandal and crisis. Alongside mounting evidence that narcissistic leaders place organizations at risk, there is a growing consensus that women are more ethical, transparent and risk-averse than men. We seek to interrogate these claims by analyzing whether narcissism is as prevalent among women CEOs as it is among men CEOs. We further analyze whether narcissistic women CEOs take the same types of risk as narcissistic men CEOs. Drawing on social role and token theories, we test hypotheses related to gender differences in the prevalence and impact of CEO narcissism on firm-level practices. Using a unique dataset that includes a large sample of CEOs of S&P 1500 companies from 1992 through 2014, we create a narcissism composite score for each CEO based on their photograph size in the annual report, and their cash earnings and non-cash earnings relative to the next highest paid executive. We find that women CEOs are less likely to exhibit narcissistic personality traits compared to men CEOs. Furthermore, we find that gender moderates the relationship between narcissistic CEOs and our outcome variables of risk-taking and questionable behaviors.

Suggested Citation

  • Alicia R. Ingersoll & Christy Glass & Alison Cook & Kari Joseph Olsen, 2019. "Power, Status and Expectations: How Narcissism Manifests Among Women CEOs," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 158(4), pages 893-907, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jbuset:v:158:y:2019:i:4:d:10.1007_s10551-017-3730-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s10551-017-3730-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. García-Meca, Emma & López-Iturriaga, Félix J. & Santana-Martín, Domingo Javier, 2022. "Board gender diversity and dividend payout: The critical mass and the family ties effect," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    3. García-Meca, Emma & Ramón-Llorens, Maria-Camino & Martínez-Ferrero, Jennifer, 2021. "Are narcissistic CEOs more tax aggressive? The moderating role of internal audit committees," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 223-235.
    4. Artamoshina, Polina & Shirokova, Galina & Osiyevskyy, Oleksiy & Bodolica, Virginia, 2023. "ADHD symptoms of CEOs and business model innovation in the SME context," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    5. Qiao, Penghua & Long, Yang & Fung, Hung-Gay & Kao, Erin Hui-Chuan, 2022. "Narcissistic leaders and corporate cash Holdings: Evidence in China," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    6. Jeremy B. Bernerth, 2022. "Does the Narcissist (and Those Around Him/Her) Pay a Price for Being Narcissistic? An Empirical Study of Leaders’ Narcissism and Well-Being," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 177(3), pages 533-546, May.
    7. Hannu Schadewitz & Jonas Spohr, 2022. "Gender diverse boards and goodwill changes: association between accounting conservatism, gender and governance," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 26(3), pages 757-779, September.
    8. Muhammad Abrar ul Haq & Surjit Victor & Farheen Akram, 2021. "Exploring the motives and success factors behind female entrepreneurs in India," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 1105-1132, June.
    9. James R. Scotter, 2020. "Narcissism in CEO research: a review and replication of the archival approach," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 70(4), pages 629-674, November.

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