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Real-time gross settlement and the costs of immediacy

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Author Info
Charles M. Kahn
William Roberds

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Abstract

Using a neoclassical monetary model, we investigate the welfare cost of a payment system that operates as a real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system. We illustrate how the cost of such systems does not ultimately derive from factors such as "payments gridlock" but instead from the credit constraints imposed by RTGS. We also investigate the welfare consequences of various approaches to the allocation of daylight credit by central banks. The two most popular approaches, collateralization and charging an administered intraday interest rate, are shown to be effective along some dimensions but flawed in others.

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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta in its series Working Paper with number 98-21.

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Date of creation: 1999
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Publication status: Published in Journal of Monetary Economics, April 2001
Handle: RePEc:fip:fedawp:98-21

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Keywords: Money Payment systems

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This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports: References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Green, Edward-J, 1997. "Money and Debt in the Structure of Payments," Monetary and Economic Studies, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, vol. 15(1), pages 63-87, May. [Downloadable!]
  2. Hancock, Diana & Wilcox, James A, 1996. "Intraday Management of Bank Reserves: The Effects of Caps and Fees on Daylight Overdrafts," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 28(4), pages 870-908, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Sargent, Thomas J & Wallace, Neil, 1982. "The Real-Bills Doctrine versus the Quantity Theory: A Reconsideration," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 90(6), pages 1212-36, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Bruce Champ & Bruce D. Smith & Stephen D. Williamson, 1996. "Currency Elasticity and Banking Panics: Theory and Evidence," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 29(4), pages 828-64, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Angelini, Paolo, 1998. "An analysis of competitive externalities in gross settlement systems," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 1-18, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Freeman, Scott, 1996. "Clearinghouse banks and banknote over-issue," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 101-115, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Freeman, Scott, 1999. "Rediscounting under aggregate risk," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 197-216, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. D. F. I. Folkerts-Landau & Peter M. Garber & Dirk Schoenmaker, 1996. "The Reform of Wholesale Payment Systems and its Impact on Financial Markets," IMF Working Papers 96/37, International Monetary Fund.
  9. Freeman, Scott, 1996. "The Payments System, Liquidity, and Rediscounting," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(5), pages 1126-38, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Kahn, Charles M & Roberds, William, 1998. "Payment System Settlement and Bank Incentives," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 11(4), pages 845-70.
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  11. Jeffrey M. Lacker, 1997. "Clearing, settlement, and monetary policy," Working Paper 97-01, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. [Downloadable!]
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  12. Diana Hancock & James A. Wilcox, 1996. "Intraday management of bank reserves: the effects of caps and fees on daylight overdrafts," Proceedings, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), pages 870-913.
  13. Kobayakawa, Shuji, 1997. "The Comparative Analysis of Settlement Systems," CEPR Discussion Papers 1667, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. William R. Emmons, 1997. "Recent developments in wholesale payments systems," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue Nov, pages 23-43. [Downloadable!]
  15. Furfine, Craig H & Stehm, Jeff, 1998. "Analyzing Alternative Intraday Credit Policies in Real-Time Gross Settlement Systems," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 30(4), pages 832-48, November.
  16. Edward J. Green, 1996. "Money and Debt in the Structure of Payments," Macroeconomics 9609002, EconWPA, revised 09 Sep 1996. [Downloadable!]
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. David C. Mills, Jr., 2005. "Alternative central bank credit policies for liquidity provision in a model of payments," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2005-55, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Simon Buckle & Erin Campbell, . "Settlement bank behaviour and throughput rules in an RTGS payment system with collateralised intraday credit," Bank of England working papers 209, Bank of England. [Downloadable!]
  3. Mark J Manning & Matthew Willison, . "Modelling the cross-border use of collateral in payment systems," Bank of England working papers 286, Bank of England. [Downloadable!]
  4. Can Okay, 2004. "The Drivers of The Recent Payment Systems Reforms Globally," Central Bank Review, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, vol. 4(2), pages 65-107. [Downloadable!]
  5. Charles M. Kahn & James McAndrews & William Roberds, 1999. "Settlement risk under gross and net settlement," Working Paper 99-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Leinonen, Harry & Soramäki, Kimmo, 2003. "Simulating interbank payment and securities settlement mechanisms with the BoF-PSS2 simulator," Research Discussion Papers 23/2003, Bank of Finland. [Downloadable!]
  7. Brian Mantel, 2000. "Why don't consumers use electronic banking products? towards a theory of obstacles, incentives, and opportunities," Occasional Paper; Emerging Payments EPS-2000-1, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. [Downloadable!]
  8. Michael Loewy, 2003. "``To Furnish an Elastic Currency'': Banking, Aggregate Risk, and Welfare," Topics in Macroeconomics, Berkeley Electronic Press, vol. 3(1), pages 1052-1052. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Thorsten Koeppl & Cyril Monnet & Ted Temzelides, 2007. "A dynamic model of the payment system," Working Papers 07-22, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. [Downloadable!]
  10. Joe Haslag & R.W. Hafer & Garett Jones, 2003. "The Effect of Monetary Policy on Economic Output," Working Papers 0311, Department of Economics, University of Missouri. [Downloadable!]
  11. Brian Mantel, 2000. "Why do consumers pay bills electronically? an empirical analysis," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue Q IV, pages 32-48. [Downloadable!]
  12. Rodrigo Andrés de Souza Peñaloza, 2003. "On Shadow-Prices of Banks in Real-Time Gross Settlement Systems," Working Papers Series 71, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department. [Downloadable!]
  13. Thor Koeppl & Cyril Monnet & Ted Temzelides, 2007. "Payments and Mechanism Design," Working Papers 1124, Queen's University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  14. Kauko, Karlo, 2005. "The mixed oligopoly of cross-border payment systems," Research Discussion Papers 11/2005, Bank of Finland. [Downloadable!]
  15. Antoine Martin, 2002. "Optimal pricing of intra-day liquidity," Research Working Paper RWP 02-02, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  16. Stephen Williamson, 2000. "The Research Agenda: Payment Systems and Private Money," EconomicDynamics Newsletter, Review of Economic Dynamics, vol. 2(1), November. [Downloadable!]
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