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Finite-Sample Diagnostics for Multivariate Regressions with Applications to Linear Asset Pricing Models

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Author Info
Jean-Marie Dufour ()
Lynda Khalaf
Marie-Claude Beaulieu ()

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose several finite-sample specification tests for multivariate linear regressions (MLR) with applications to asset pricing models. We focus on departures from the assumption of i.i.d. errors assumption, at univariate and multivariate levels, with Gaussian and non-Gaussian (including Student t) errors. The univariate tests studied extend existing exact procedures by allowing for unspecified parameters in the error distributions (e.g., the degrees of freedom in the case of the Student t distribution). The multivariate tests are based on properly standardized multivariate residuals to ensure invariance to MLR coefficients and error covariances. We consider tests for serial correlation, tests for multivariate GARCH and sign-type tests against general dependencies and asymmetries. The procedures proposed provide exact versions of those applied in Shanken (1990) which consist in combining univariate specification tests. Specifically, we combine tests across equations using the MC test procedure to avoid Bonferroni-type bounds. Since non-Gaussian based tests are not pivotal, we apply the "maximized MC" (MMC) test method [Dufour (2002)], where the MC p-value for the tested hypothesis (which depends on nuisance parameters) is maximized (with respect to these nuisance parameters) to control the tests significance level. The tests proposed are applied to an asset pricing model with observable risk-free rates, using monthly returns on New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) portfolios over five-year subperiods from 1926-1995. Our empirical results reveal the following. Whereas univariate exact tests indicate significant serial correlation, asymmetries and GARCH in some equations, such effects are much less prevalent once error crossequation covariances are accounted for. In addition, significant departures from the i.i.d. hypothesis are less evident once we allow for non-Gaussian errors.

Dans cet article, nous proposons plusieurs tests de spécification valides pour des échantillons finis dans le cadre de régression linéaires multivariées (RLM), avec des applications à des modèles d'évaluation d'actifs. Nous nous concentrons sur les déviations par rapport à l'hypothèse d'erreurs i.i.d. univariée ou multivariée, pour des distributions d'erreurs gaussiennes et non gaussiennes. Les tests univariés étudiés prolongent les procédures exactes existantes en permettant des paramètres non spécifiés dans la distribution des erreurs (e.g., le nombre de degrés de liberté dans le cas de la distribution de Student). Les tests multivariés sont basés sur des résidus standardisés multivariés qui assurent l'invariance par rapport aux coefficients RLM et à ceux de la matrice de covariance des erreurs. Nous considérons des tests contre la dépendance sérielle, contre la présence d'effets GARCH multivariés et des tests de signes contre l'asymétrie. Les procédures proposées sont des versions exactes des tests de Shanken (1990) qui consistent à combiner des tests de spécification univariés. Spécifiquement, nous combinons des tests entre équations en utilisant une approche de test de Monte Carlo (MC), ce qui permet d'éviter des bornes de type Bonferroni. Étant donné que les tests dans un contexte non gaussien ne sont pas pivotaux, nous appliquons une approche de test de Monte Carlo maximisé [Dufour (2002)] où la valeur p simulée pour l'hypothèse testée (qui dépend de paramètres de nuisance) est maximisée (par rapport aux dits paramètres de nuisance) dans le but de contrôler le niveau des tests. Nous appliquons les tests proposés à un modèle d'évaluation d'actifs qui comprend un taux d'intérêt sans risque observable et utilise les rendements de portefeuilles mensuels de titres inscrits à la bourse de New York, sur des sous-périodes de cinq ans allant de janvier 1926 à décembre 1995. Nos résultats révèlent que les tests univariés exacts présentent des problèmes de dépendance sérielle, d'asymétrie et d'effets GARCH statistiquement significatifs dans certaines équations. Cependant ces problèmes s'avèrent moins importants, lorsque l'on tient compte de la dépendance entre équations. De plus, les écarts importants par rapport à l'hypothèse i.i.d. sont moins évidents une fois que l'on considère des erreurs non gaussiennes.

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Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Working Papers with number 2003s-34.

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Date of creation: 01 Apr 2003
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Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2003s-34

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Keywords: capital asset pricing model; CAPM; mean-variance efficiency; non-normality; multivariate linear regression; uniform linear hypothesis; exact test; Monte Carlo test; bootstrap; nuisance parameters; specification test; diagnostics; GARCH; variance ratio test; modèle d'évaluation d'actifs financiers; CAPM; efficacité moyenne-variance; nonnormalité; modèle de régression multivarié; hypothèse uniforme linéaire; test de Monte Carlo; bootstrap; paramètre de nuisance; test de spécification; diagnostics; GARCH; test du ratio des variances.;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
C3 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General - - - Hypothesis Testing
C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data
C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods
G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets
G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing
G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies

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References listed on IDEAS
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    Other versions:
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  15. Richardson, Matthew & Smith, Tom, 1993. "A Test for Multivariate Normality in Stock Returns," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 66(2), pages 295-321, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  17. Gibbons, Michael R & Ross, Stephen A & Shanken, Jay, 1989. "A Test of the Efficiency of a Given Portfolio," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(5), pages 1121-52, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  23. Dufour, Jean-Marie & Khalaf, Lynda, 2002. "Exact tests for contemporaneous correlation of disturbances in seemingly unrelated regressions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 106(1), pages 143-170, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  24. Dufour, Jean-Marie, 1990. "Exact Tests and Confidence Sets in Linear Regressions with Autocorrelated Errors," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 58(2), pages 475-94, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  28. Jean-Marie Dufour & Jan F. Kiviet, 1998. "Exact Inference Methods for First-Order Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 66(1), pages 79-104, January.
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  29. Dufour, Jean-Marie & Khalaf, Lynda, 2002. "Simulation based finite and large sample tests in multivariate regressions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 111(2), pages 303-322, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  30. Shanken, Jay, 1986. " Testing Portfolio Efficiency When the Zero-Beta Rate Is Unknown: A Note," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 41(1), pages 269-76, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Sébastien Laurent & Luc Bauwens & Jeroen V. K. Rombouts, 2006. "Multivariate GARCH models: a survey," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(1), pages 79-109. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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