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Simulation Based Finite and Large Sample Tests in Multivariate Regressions

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Author Info
Jean-Marie Dufour ()
Lynda Khalaf

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Abstract

In the context of multivariate linear regression (MLR) models, it is well known that commonly employed asymptotic test criteria are seriously biased towards overrejection. In this paper, we propose a generalmethod for constructing exact tests of possible nonlinear hypotheses on the coefficients of MLR systems. For the case of uniform linear hypotheses, we present exact distributional invariance results concerning several standard test criteria. These include Wilks' likelihood ratio (LR) criterion as well as trace and maximum root criteria. The normality assumption is not necessarily for most of the results to hold. Implications for inference are two-fold. First, invariance to nuisance parameters entails that the technique of Monte Carlo tests can be applied on all these statistics to obtain exact tests of uniform linear hypotheses. Second, the invariance property of the latter statistic is exploited to derive general nuisance-parameter-free bounds on the distribution of the LR statistic for arbitrary hypotheses. Even though it may be difficult to compute these bounds analytically, they can easily be simulated, hence yielding exact bounds Monte Carlo tests. Illustrative simulation experiments show that the bounds are sufficiently tight to provide conclusive results with a high probability. Our findings illustrate the value of the bounds as a tool to be used in conjunction with more traditional simulation-based test methods (e.g., the parametric bootstrap) which may be applied when the bounds are not conclusive.

Dans le contexte des modèles de régression multivariés (MLR), il est bien connu que les tests asymptotiques usuels tendent à rejeter trop souvent les hypothèse considérées. Dans cet article, nous proposons une méthode générale qui permet de construire des tests exacts pour des hypothèses possiblement non linéaires sur les coefficients de tels modèles. Pour le cas des hypothèse uniformes linéaires, nous présentons des résultats sur la distribution exacte de plusieurs statistiques de test usuelles. Ces dernières incluent le critère du quotient de vraisemblance (Wilks), de même que les critères de la trace et de la racine maximale. L'hypothèse de normalité des erreurs n'est pas requise pour la plupart des résultats présentés. Ceux-ci ont deux types de conséquences pour l'inférence statistique. Premièrement, l'invariance par rapport aux paramètres de nuisance signifie que l'on peut appliquer la technique des tests de Monte Carlo afin de construire des tests exacts pour les hypothèses uniformes linéaires. Deuxième-ment, nous montrons comment exploiter cette propriété afin d'obtenir des bornes sans paramètres de nuisance sur la distribution des statistiques de quotient de vraisemblance pour des hypothèses générales. Même si les bornes ne sont pas faciles à calculer par des moyens analytiques, on peut les simuler aisément et ainsi effectuer des tests de Monte Carlo à bornes. Nous présentons une expérience de simulation qui montre que ces bornes sont suffisamment serrées pour fournir des résultats concluants avec une forte probabilité. Nos résultats démontrent la valeur de ces bornes comme instrument à utiliser conjointement avec des méthodes d'inférence simulée plus traditionnelles (telles que le bootstrap paramétrique) que l'on peut appliquer lorsque le test à borne n'est pas concluant.

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Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Working Papers with number 2000s-15.

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Date of creation: 01 May 2000
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Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2000s-15

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Keywords: Multivariate linear regression; seemingly unrelated regressions; uniform linear hypothesis; Monte Carlo test; bounds test. Nonlinear hypothesis; finite sample test; exact test; bootstrap; Modèle de régression multivarié; régressions empilées; hypothès linéaire uniforme; test de Monte Caro; test à borne; hypothèse non linéaire; test à distance finie; test exact; bootstrap;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
C3 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General - - - Hypothesis Testing
C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods
C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data
O4 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
O5 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies

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  1. Dufour, Jean-Marie & Kiviet, Jan F., 1996. "Exact tests for structural change in first-order dynamic models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 39-68, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Kiviet, Jan F. & Dufour, Jean-Marie, 1997. "Exact tests in single equation autoregressive distributed lag models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 80(2), pages 325-353, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Theil, Henri & Shonkwiler, J. S. & Taylor, Timothy G., 1985. "A Monte Carlo test of Slutsky symmetry," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 331-332. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Laitinen, Kenneth, 1978. "Why is demand homogeneity so often rejected?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 1(3), pages 187-191. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Russell Davidson & James G. MacKinnon, 2001. "Bootstrap Tests: How Many Bootstraps?," Working Papers 1036, Queen's University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Eakin, B Kelly & McMillen, Daniel P & Buono, Mark J, 1990. "Constructing Confidence Intervals Using the Bootstrap: An Application to a Multi-Product Cost Function," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(2), pages 339-44, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Meisner, James F., 1979. "The sad fate of the asymptotic Slutsky symmetry test for large systems," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 231-233. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Breusch, T S, 1979. "Conflict among Criteria for Testing Hypotheses: Extensions and Comments," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 47(1), pages 203-07, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Dufour, Jean-Marie, 1989. "Nonlinear Hypotheses, Inequality Restrictions, and Non-nested Hypotheses: Exact Simultaneous Tests in Linear Regressions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(2), pages 335-55, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Rayner, Robert K., 1990. "Bartlett's correction and the bootstrap in normal linear regression models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 255-258, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Evans, G B A & Savin, N E, 1982. "Conflict among the Criteria Revisited: The W, LR and LM Tests," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(3), pages 737-48, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Amsler, Christine E. & Schmidt, Peter, 1985. "A Monte Carlo investigation of the accuracy of multivariate CAPM tests," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 359-375, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Jayatissa, W A, 1977. "Tests of Equality between Sets of Coefficients in Two Linear Regressions when Disturbance Variances Are Unequal," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 45(5), pages 1291-92, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Jean-Marie Dufour, 1997. "Some Impossibility Theorems in Econometrics with Applications to Structural and Dynamic Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 65(6), pages 1365-1388, November.
  15. Stewart, Kenneth G., 1995. "The functional equivalence of the W, LR, and LM statistics," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 109-112, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Affleck-Graves, John & McDonald, Bill, 1990. "Multivariate Tests of Asset Pricing: The Comparative Power of Alternative Statistics," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(02), pages 163-185, June. [Downloadable!]
  17. Hashimoto, Noriko & Ohtani, Kazuhiro, 1990. "An exact test for linear restrictions in seemingly unrelated regressions with the same regressors," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 243-246, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Taylor, Timothy G. & Shonkwiler, J. S. & Theil, Henri, 1986. "Monte Carlo and bootstrap testing of demand homogeneity," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 55-57. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  19. DUFOUR, Jean-Marie & FARHAT, Abdeljelil & GARDIOL, Lucien, 1998. "Simulation-Based Finite-Sample Normality Tests in Linear Regressions," Cahiers de recherche 9811, Universite de Montreal, Departement de sciences economiques. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  20. Jean-Marie Dufour & Lynda Khalaf, 1999. "Simulation Based Finite- and Large-Sample Inference Methods in Simultaneous Equations," Computing in Economics and Finance 1999 824, Society for Computational Economics.
  21. Italianer, Alexander, 1985. "A small-sample correction for the likelihood ratio test," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 315-317. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  22. Davidson, Russell & MacKinnon, James G., 1999. "The Size Distortion Of Bootstrap Tests," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(03), pages 361-376, June. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  23. Rothernberg, Thomas J, 1984. "Hypothesis Testing in Linear Models When the Error Covariance Matrix Is Nonscalar," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(4), pages 827-42, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  24. Jobson, J. D. & Korkie, Bob, 1982. "Potential performance and tests of portfolio efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(4), pages 433-466, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  25. Cribari-Neto, Francisco & Zarkos, Spyros G, 1997. "Finite-Sample Adjustments for Homogeneity and Symmetry Tests in Systems of Demand Equations: A Monte Carlo Evaluation," Computational Economics, Springer, vol. 10(4), pages 337-51, November. [Downloadable!]
  26. Breusch, Trevor S., 1980. "Useful invariance results for generalized regression models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 327-340, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  27. Jean-Marie Dufour & Jan F. Kiviet, 1998. "Exact Inference Methods for First-Order Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 66(1), pages 79-104, January.
    Other versions:
  28. Shanken, Jay, 1986. " Testing Portfolio Efficiency When the Zero-Beta Rate Is Unknown: A Note," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 41(1), pages 269-76, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  29. DUFOUR, Jean-Marie & KHALAF, Lynda, 1998. "Simulation-Based Finite-and Large-sample Inference Methods in Multivariate Regressions and Seemingly Unrelated Regressions," Cahiers de recherche 9813, Universite de Montreal, Departement de sciences economiques. [Downloadable!]
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    Other versions:
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