IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cir/cirpro/2023rp-27.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Les minorités visibles nées au Canada: l’angle mort des politiques d’intégration au marché du travail

Author

Listed:
  • Brahim Boudarbat
  • Idossou Marius Adom

Abstract

The report presents the latest developments on the situation of immigrants and visible minorities in the Quebec and Canadian labor markets. In 2021, immigrants represented 14.6% of the Quebec population and 23% of the Canadian population. In Quebec, the unemployment rate of immigrants has fallen sharply over time, but immigrants are still more exposed to unemployment and hold lower-paid jobs than native-born Canadians. As for visible minorities, their proportion of the population was 16.1% in Quebec (26.5% in Canada) in 2021. In addition, nearly one in four Quebecers under the age of 25 (22.2%) is a member of a visible minority, a reality that the labour market will have to deal with, and that public policy decision-makers need to take into account. Our findings suggest that labour market integration in Quebec and Canada is determined more by belonging to a visible minority than by being an immigrant. Even if they were born in Canada, members of visible minorities seem to have difficulty finding a place in the job market. In a context where Quebec and Canada are seeking to recruit more workers from abroad to deal with labor shortages, logic would suggest that we first realize the full potential of the working-age population already here. In addition, the situation of young Canadians from visible minority backgrounds deserves special attention to avoid the risks of their socio-economic exclusion and the consequences this could have on social cohesion. Ce rapport présente les derniers développements sur la situation des immigrants et des minorités visibles sur les marchés du travail québécois et canadiens. En 2021, les immigrants représentaient 14,6 % de la population du Québec et 23 % de celle du Canada. Au Québec, le taux de chômage chez les immigrants a fortement baissé au fil du temps, mais les immigrants sont toujours plus exposés au chômage et occupent des emplois moins bien rémunérés que les Canadiens de naissance. Quant aux minorités visibles, leur part dans la population était de 16,1 % au Québec (26,5 % au Canada) en 2021. Aussi, près d’un Québécois de moins de 25 ans sur quatre (22,2 %) est issu d’une minorité visible, une réalité avec laquelle le marché du travail devra composer et que les décideurs des politiques publiques doivent prendre en considération. Nos résultats permettent de conclure que l’intégration dans le marché du travail au Québec et au Canada est déterminée davantage par l’appartenance à une minorité visible que par le fait d’être immigrant. Même s’ils sont nés au Canada, les membres d’une minorité visible semblent peiner à se tailler une place sur le marché du travail. Dans un contexte où le Québec et le Canada cherchent à recruter plus de travailleurs à l’étranger pour faire face à la pénurie de main-d’œuvre, la logique voudrait qu’on réalise d’abord le plein potentiel de la population en âge de travailler qui se trouve déjà sur place. Par ailleurs, la situation des jeunes Canadiens de naissance issus des minorités visibles mérite une attention particulière pour parer aux risques d’exclusion socioéconomique de ces jeunes et aux conséquences que cette exclusion pourrait avoir sur la cohésion sociale.

Suggested Citation

  • Brahim Boudarbat & Idossou Marius Adom, 2023. "Les minorités visibles nées au Canada: l’angle mort des politiques d’intégration au marché du travail," CIRANO Project Reports 2023rp-27, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2023rp-27
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2023RP-27.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peter Dungan & Tony Fang & Morley Gunderson, 2013. "Macroeconomic Impacts of C anadian Immigration: Results from a Macro Model," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 51(1), pages 174-195, March.
    2. Christian Dustmann & Albrecht Glitz & Tommaso Frattini, 2008. "The labour market impact of immigration," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 24(3), pages 478-495, Autumn.
    3. Brahim Boudarbat & Maude Boulet, 2010. "Immigration au Québec : Politiques et intégration au marché du travail," CIRANO Project Reports 2010rp-05, CIRANO.
    4. Robert Rowthorn, 2008. "The fiscal impact of immigration on the advanced economies," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 24(3), pages 561-581, Autumn.
    5. John Ablett & Laurence J. Kotlikoff & Willi Leibfritz, 1999. "Generational Accounting in Australia," NBER Chapters, in: Generational Accounting around the World, pages 141-160, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Alireza Behtoui, 2004. "Unequal Opportunities for Young People with Immigrant Backgrounds in the Swedish Labour Market," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 18(4), pages 633-660, December.
    7. Jiong Tu, 2007. "The Impact of Immigration on the Labour Market Outcomes of Native-born Canadians," Social and Economic Dimensions of an Aging Population Research Papers 216, McMaster University.
    8. Sébastien Jean & Orsetta Causa & Miguel Jimenez & Isabelle Wanner, 2010. "Migration and labour market outcomes in OECD countries," OECD Journal: Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, vol. 2010(1), pages 1-34.
    9. Anthony Edo, 2019. "The Impact Of Immigration On The Labor Market," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 922-948, July.
    10. Picot, Garnett, 2008. "Situation economique et sociale des immigrants au Canada : recherche et elaboration de donnees a Statistique Canada," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 2008319f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    11. Mario Izquierdo & Juan Jimeno & Juan Rojas, 2010. "On the aggregate effects of immigration in Spain," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 1(4), pages 409-432, September.
    12. Fryer Roland & Jackson Matthew O., 2008. "A Categorical Model of Cognition and Biased Decision Making," The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-44, February.
    13. Abdurrahman Aydemir & George J. Borjas, 2007. "Cross-Country Variation in the Impact of International Migration: Canada, Mexico, and the United States," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 5(4), pages 663-708, June.
    14. Alessandra Venturini & Claudia Villosio, 2004. "Labour Market Effects of Immigration: an Empirical Analysis Based on Italian Data," CHILD Working Papers wp17_04, CHILD - Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic economics - ITALY.
    15. David Coleman & Robert Rowthorn, 2004. "The Economic Effects of Immigration into the United Kingdom," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 30(4), pages 579-624, December.
    16. Mohsen Javdani & Andrew McGee, 2018. "Labor market mobility and the early-career outcomes of immigrant men," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-28, December.
    17. Phelps, Edmund S, 1972. "The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 62(4), pages 659-661, September.
    18. Sendhil Mullainathan, 2002. "A Memory-Based Model of Bounded Rationality," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 117(3), pages 735-774.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Philip Oreopoulos, 2011. "Why Do Skilled Immigrants Struggle in the Labor Market? A Field Experiment with Thirteen Thousand Resumes," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 3(4), pages 148-171, November.
    2. S. Longhi & P. Nijkamp & J. Poot, 2010. "Joint impacts of immigration on wages and employment: review and meta-analysis," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 12(4), pages 355-387, December.
    3. Aydemir, Abdurrahman B. & Kırdar, Murat G., 2017. "Quasi-experimental impact estimates of immigrant labor supply shocks: The role of treatment and comparison group matching and relative skill composition," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 282-315.
    4. Şerife Genç İleri, 2019. "Selective immigration policy and its impacts on Canada's native‐born population: A general equilibrium analysis," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 52(3), pages 954-992, August.
    5. Maarten Vendrik & Christiane Schwieren, 2010. "Identification, screening and stereotyping in labour market discrimination," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 99(2), pages 141-171, March.
    6. Edo, Anthony & Rapoport, Hillel, 2019. "Minimum wages and the labor market effects of immigration," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    7. Isabell Koske & Jean-Marc Fournier & Isabelle Wanner, 2012. "Less Income Inequality and More Growth – Are They Compatible? Part 2. The Distribution of Labour Income," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 925, OECD Publishing.
    8. Anthony Edo & Farid Toubal, 2015. "Selective Immigration Policies and Wages Inequality," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(1), pages 160-187, February.
    9. Wulong Gu & Feng Hou & Garnett Picot, 2020. "Immigration and firm productivity: evidence from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 121-137, December.
    10. Topi Miettinen, 2012. "Paying attention to payoffs in analogy-based learning," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 50(1), pages 193-222, May.
    11. Dequiedt, Vianney & Zenou, Yves, 2013. "International migration, imperfect information, and brain drain," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 62-78.
    12. Simonetta Longhi & Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot, 2009. "Regional Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Review," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-047/3, Tinbergen Institute, revised 23 Jul 2009.
    13. Hou, Feng & Picot , Garnett, 2015. "Immigration, Low Income and Income Inequality in Canada: What’s New in the 2000s?," CLSSRN working papers clsrn_admin-2015-2, Vancouver School of Economics, revised 25 Jan 2015.
    14. Asadul Islam & Faridul Islam & Chau Nguyen, 2017. "Skilled Immigration, Innovation, and the Wages of Native-Born Americans," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(3), pages 459-488, July.
    15. Daviti Jibuti, 2018. "Discrimination against Workers with Visible Tattoos: Experimental Evidence from Germany," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp628, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    16. Anthony Edo & Lionel Ragot & Hillel Rapoport & Sulin Sardoschau & Andreas Steinmayr, 2018. "The Effects of Immigration in Developed Countries: Insights from Recent Economic Research," CEPII Policy Brief 2018-22, CEPII research center.
    17. Anthony Edo & Lionel Ragot & Hillel Rapoport & Sulin Sardoschau & Andreas Steinmayr & Arthur Sweetman, 2020. "An introduction to the economics of immigration in OECD countries," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(4), pages 1365-1403, November.
    18. Gilat Levy & Ronny Razin, 2017. "The Coevolution of Segregation, Polarized Beliefs, and Discrimination: The Case of Private versus State Education," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 141-170, November.
    19. J. Aislinn Bohren & Alex Imas & Michael Rosenberg, 2019. "The Dynamics of Discrimination: Theory and Evidence," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(10), pages 3395-3436, October.
    20. Carmelo Licata & Pierre-Guillaume Méon, 2016. "Partisan stereotypes," Working Papers CEB 16-037, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2023rp-27. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Webmaster (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ciranca.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.