IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cdl/itsdav/qt63286026.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Fast Charging Tests (up to 6C) of Lithium Titanate Cells and Modules: Electrical and Thermal Response

Author

Listed:
  • Burke, Andrew
  • Miller, Marshall
  • Zhao, Hemgbing

Abstract

There has been much discussion of fast charging of lithium-ion batteries as a means of extending the practical daily range of electric vehicles making them more competitive with engine-powered conventional vehicles in terms of range and refueling time. In the present study, fast charging tests were performed on cells of three lithium-ion chemistries to determine their characteristics for charging rates up to 6C. The test results showed that the lithium titanate oxide chemistry has a clear advantage over the other chemistries especially compared to the Nickel Cobalt Manganese chemistry for fast charging. In this paper, the results of extensive testing of 50Ah LTO cells and 24V modules from Altairnano are reported. The modules were instrumented so that the voltage of the individual cells could be tracked as well as three interior temperatures. Cooling of the modules was done via a cooling plate positioned on one end of the module. Life cycle testing of the 24V module is still underway. The cycling involves fast charging at the 4C rate and discharging at C/2. The voltage at the end of the charge corresponds to a stateof-charge of 90 % and the voltage at the end of the discharge corresponds to a state-of-charge of 24 % resulting in the use of 33.3 Ah (66%) from the module. The charging is done at 200A and the discharge at 25A. The charging time is 10 minutes and the discharge time is 80 minutes. The test cycle is meant to mimic the use of the module in a transit bus application with fast charging. To date the module has experienced 285 cycles without any apparent degradation in Ah capacity or voltage response. The maximum measured temperature inside the module stabilized at about 40 deg C without active fan cooling.

Suggested Citation

  • Burke, Andrew & Miller, Marshall & Zhao, Hemgbing, 2012. "Fast Charging Tests (up to 6C) of Lithium Titanate Cells and Modules: Electrical and Thermal Response," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt63286026, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt63286026
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/63286026.pdf;origin=repeccitec
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Burke, Andrew & Miller, Marshall, 2009. "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-ion Batteries of Various Chemistries for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt3mc7g3vt, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    2. Schroeder, Andreas & Traber, Thure, 2012. "The economics of fast charging infrastructure for electric vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 136-144.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Meng Di Yin & Jeonghun Cho & Daejin Park, 2016. "Pulse-Based Fast Battery IoT Charger Using Dynamic Frequency and Duty Control Techniques Based on Multi-Sensing of Polarization Curve," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-20, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Omar, Noshin & Monem, Mohamed Abdel & Firouz, Yousef & Salminen, Justin & Smekens, Jelle & Hegazy, Omar & Gaulous, Hamid & Mulder, Grietus & Van den Bossche, Peter & Coosemans, Thierry & Van Mierlo, J, 2014. "Lithium iron phosphate based battery – Assessment of the aging parameters and development of cycle life model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1575-1585.
    2. Bhardwaj, Chandan & Axsen, Jonn & Kern, Florian & McCollum, David, 2020. "Why have multiple climate policies for light-duty vehicles? Policy mix rationales, interactions and research gaps," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 309-326.
    3. Wolbertus, Rick & van den Hoed, Robert & Kroesen, Maarten & Chorus, Caspar, 2021. "Charging infrastructure roll-out strategies for large scale introduction of electric vehicles in urban areas: An agent-based simulation study," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 262-285.
    4. Motoaki, Yutaka & Yi, Wenqi & Salisbury, Shawn, 2018. "Empirical analysis of electric vehicle fast charging under cold temperatures," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 162-168.
    5. Neaimeh, Myriam & Salisbury, Shawn D. & Hill, Graeme A. & Blythe, Philip T. & Scoffield, Don R. & Francfort, James E., 2017. "Analysing the usage and evidencing the importance of fast chargers for the adoption of battery electric vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 474-486.
    6. Rahman, Imran & Vasant, Pandian M. & Singh, Balbir Singh Mahinder & Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. & Adnan, Nadia, 2016. "Review of recent trends in optimization techniques for plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicle charging infrastructures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1039-1047.
    7. Stergios Statharas & Yannis Moysoglou & Pelopidas Siskos & Pantelis Capros, 2021. "Simulating the Evolution of Business Models for Electricity Recharging Infrastructure Development by 2030: A Case Study for Greece," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-24, April.
    8. Asadi, Amin & Nurre Pinkley, Sarah, 2021. "A stochastic scheduling, allocation, and inventory replenishment problem for battery swap stations," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    9. Wang, Ying-Wei & Lin, Chuah-Chih, 2013. "Locating multiple types of recharging stations for battery-powered electric vehicle transport," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 76-87.
    10. Kim, Hyunjung & Kim, Dae-Wook & Kim, Man-Keun, 2022. "Economics of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in Korea," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    11. Globisch, Joachim & Plötz, Patrick & Dütschke, Elisabeth & Wietschel, Martin, 2018. "Consumer evaluation of public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles," Working Papers "Sustainability and Innovation" S13/2018, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
    12. Hennings, Wilfried & Mischinger, Stefan & Linssen, Jochen, 2013. "Utilization of excess wind power in electric vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 139-144.
    13. Lucas, Alexandre & Neto, Rui Costa & Silva, Carla Alexandra, 2013. "Energy supply infrastructure LCA model for electric and hydrogen transportation systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 70-80.
    14. Pavković, D. & Hoić, M. & Deur, J. & Petrić, J., 2014. "Energy storage systems sizing study for a high-altitude wind energy application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 91-103.
    15. Shyh-Chin Huang & Kuo-Hsin Tseng & Jin-Wei Liang & Chung-Liang Chang & Michael G. Pecht, 2017. "An Online SOC and SOH Estimation Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Mona Kabus & Lars Nolting & Benedict J. Mortimer & Jan C. Koj & Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs & Rik W. De Doncker & Aaron Praktiknjo, 2020. "Environmental Impacts of Charging Concepts for Battery Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of On-Board and Off-Board Charging Systems Based on a Life Cycle Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-31, December.
    17. Burke, Andy & Zhao, Hengbing, 2010. "Simulations of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Using Advanced Lithium Batteries and Ultracapacitors on Various Driving Cycles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt4wb3g744, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    18. Das, H.S. & Rahman, M.M. & Li, S. & Tan, C.W., 2020. "Electric vehicles standards, charging infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: A technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    19. Gallo, A.B. & Simões-Moreira, J.R. & Costa, H.K.M. & Santos, M.M. & Moutinho dos Santos, E., 2016. "Energy storage in the energy transition context: A technology review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 800-822.
    20. Ruifeng Shi & Jiahua Liu & Zhenhong Liao & Li Niu & Eke Ibrahim & Fang Fu, 2019. "An Electric Taxi Charging Station Planning Scheme Based on an Improved Destination Choice Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-21, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Engineering;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt63286026. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Lisa Schiff (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/itucdus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.