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Order Flow Segmentation, Liquidity and Price Discovery: The Role of Latency Delays

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  • Michael Brolley
  • David A. Cimon

Abstract

Latency delays—known as “speed bumps”—are an intentional slowing of order flow by exchanges. Supporters contend that delays protect market makers from high-frequency arbitrage, while opponents warn that delays promote “quote fading” by market makers. We construct a model of informed trading in a fragmented market, where one market operates a conventional order book and the other imposes a latency delay on market orders. We show that informed investors migrate to the conventional exchange, widening the quoted spread, while the quoted spread narrows at the delayed exchange. The overall market quality impact depends on the relative concentration of speculators who may become informed. If speculators are few relative to liquidity traders, total welfare falls; with relatively more speculators, total welfare rises.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Brolley & David A. Cimon, 2018. "Order Flow Segmentation, Liquidity and Price Discovery: The Role of Latency Delays," Staff Working Papers 18-16, Bank of Canada.
    • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocawp:18-16
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Michael Brolley & Marius Zoican, 2019. "Liquid Speed: On-Demand Fast Trading at Distributed Exchanges," Papers 1907.10720, arXiv.org.
    2. Eric M. Aldrich & Daniel Friedman, 2023. "Order Protection Through Delayed Messaging," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(2), pages 774-790, February.
    3. Jun Aoyagi, 2019. "Strategic Speed Choice by High-Frequency Traders under Speed Bumps," ISER Discussion Paper 1050, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University.
    4. Brolley, Michael & Zoican, Marius, 2023. "Liquid speed: A micro-burst fee for low-latency exchanges," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Floris Laly & Mikael Petitjean, 2020. "Mini flash crashes: Review, taxonomy and policy responses," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 72(3), pages 251-271, July.
    6. Anderson, Lisa & Andrews, Emad & Devani, Baiju & Mueller, Michael & Walton, Adrian, 2022. "Speed segmentation on exchanges: Competition for slow flow," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    7. Mark Marner-Hausen, 2022. "Developing a Framework for Real-Time Trading in a Laboratory Financial Market," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 172, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    8. Mariana Khapko & Marius Zoican, 2019. "Do speed bumps curb low-latency trading? Evidence from a laboratory market," Papers 1910.03068, arXiv.org.
    9. Alfred Lehar & Christine Parlour & Marius Zoican, 2023. "Fragmentation and optimal liquidity supply on decentralized exchanges," Papers 2307.13772, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2024.
    10. Suchismita Mishra & Le Zhao, 2021. "Order Routing Decisions for a Fragmented Market: A Review," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-32, November.
    11. Khapko, Mariana & Zoican, Marius, 2021. "Do speed bumps curb low-latency investment? Evidence from a laboratory market," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    12. Irtisam, Rasheek & Sokolov, Konstantin, 2023. "Do stock exchanges specialize? Evidence from the New Jersey transaction tax proposal," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    13. Tomy Lee, 2019. "Latency in Fragmented Markets," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 33, pages 128-153, July.
    14. Aldrich, Eric M. & Friedman, Daniel, 2017. "Order protection through delayed messaging," Discussion Papers, Research Professorship Market Design: Theory and Pragmatics SP II 2017-502, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    15. Yannick Limmer & Thilo Meyer-Brandis, 2021. "Large Platonic Markets with Delays," Papers 2110.13678, arXiv.org.
    16. Markus Baldauf & Joshua Mollner, 2020. "High‐Frequency Trading and Market Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(3), pages 1495-1526, June.
    17. Vasilios Mavroudis & Hayden Melton, 2019. "Libra: Fair Order-Matching for Electronic Financial Exchanges," Papers 1910.00321, arXiv.org.
    18. Haas, Marlene & Khapko, Mariana & Zoican, Marius, 2021. "Speed and learning in high-frequency auctions," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    19. Papavassiliou, Vassilios G. & Kinateder, Harald, 2021. "Information shares and market quality before and during the European sovereign debt crisis," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    20. Xu, Ke, 2023. "High frequency market making during stressed periods," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 379-397.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial markets; Financial system regulation and policies; Market structure and pricing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G - Financial Economics
    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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