IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/1901.04689.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Systemic Risk: Conditional Distortion Risk Measures

Author

Listed:
  • Jan Dhaene
  • Roger J. A. Laeven
  • Yiying Zhang

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the rich classes of conditional distortion (CoD) risk measures and distortion risk contribution ($\Delta$CoD) measures as measures of systemic risk and analyze their properties and representations. The classes include the well-known conditional Value-at-Risk, conditional Expected Shortfall, and risk contribution measures in terms of the VaR and ES as special cases. Sufficient conditions are presented for two random vectors to be ordered by the proposed CoD-risk measures and distortion risk contribution measures. These conditions are expressed using the conventional stochastic dominance, increasing convex/concave, dispersive, and excess wealth orders of the marginals and canonical positive/negative stochastic dependence notions. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate our theoretical findings. This paper is the second in a triplet of papers on systemic risk by the same authors. In \cite{DLZorder2018a}, we introduce and analyze some new stochastic orders related to systemic risk. In a third (forthcoming) paper, we attribute systemic risk to the different participants in a given risky environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Jan Dhaene & Roger J. A. Laeven & Yiying Zhang, 2019. "Systemic Risk: Conditional Distortion Risk Measures," Papers 1901.04689, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2019.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1901.04689
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.04689
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Miguel Sordo & Héctor Ramos, 2007. "Characterization of stochastic orders by L-functionals," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 249-263, April.
    2. Viral V. Acharya & Lasse H. Pedersen & Thomas Philippon & Matthew Richardson, 2017. "Measuring Systemic Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(1), pages 2-47.
    3. Belles-Sampera, Jaume & Guillén, Montserrat & Santolino, Miguel, 2014. "GlueVaR risk measures in capital allocation applications," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 132-137.
    4. Emmanouil N. Karimalis & Nikos K. Nomikos, 2018. "Measuring systemic risk in the European banking sector: a copula CoVaR approach," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(11), pages 944-975, July.
    5. Yaari, Menahem E, 1987. "The Dual Theory of Choice under Risk," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(1), pages 95-115, January.
    6. Goovaerts, Marc J. & Laeven, Roger J.A., 2008. "Actuarial risk measures for financial derivative pricing," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 540-547, April.
    7. Laeven, Roger J.A., 2009. "Worst VaR scenarios: A remark," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(2), pages 159-163, April.
    8. Sordo, M.A. & Bello, A.J. & Suárez-Llorens, A., 2018. "Stochastic orders and co-risk measures under positive dependence," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 105-113.
    9. Cai, Jun & Wei, Wei, 2012. "On the invariant properties of notions of positive dependence and copulas under increasing transformations," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 43-49.
    10. Eeckhoudt, Louis R. & Laeven, Roger J.A. & Schlesinger, Harris, 2020. "Risk apportionment: The dual story," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    11. Asimit, Alexandru V. & Gerrard, Russell, 2016. "On the worst and least possible asymptotic dependence," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 218-234.
    12. Rui Fang & Xiaohu Li, 2018. "Some Results on Measures of Interaction between Paired Risks," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-15, August.
    13. Tobias Adrian & Markus K. Brunnermeier, 2016. "CoVaR," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(7), pages 1705-1741, July.
      • Tobias Adrian & Markus K. Brunnermeier, 2008. "CoVaR," Staff Reports 348, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
      • Tobias Adrian & Markus K. Brunnermeier, 2011. "CoVaR," NBER Working Papers 17454, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Laeven, R.J.A. & Stadje, M.A., 2011. "Entropy Coherent and Entropy Convex Measures of Risk," Other publications TiSEM 08f59c7c-7302-47f9-9a9b-b, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    15. Denuit Michel & Dhaene Jan & Goovaerts Marc & Kaas Rob & Laeven Roger, 2006. "Risk measurement with equivalent utility principles," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 24(1), pages 1-25, July.
    16. Goovaerts, Marc J. & Kaas, Rob & Laeven, Roger J.A., 2010. "Decision principles derived from risk measures," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 294-302, December.
    17. Denneberg, Dieter, 1990. "Premium Calculation: Why Standard Deviation Should be Replaced by Absolute Deviation1," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(2), pages 181-190, November.
    18. Wei, Gang & Hu, Taizhong, 2002. "Supermodular dependence ordering on a class of multivariate copulas," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 57(4), pages 375-385, May.
    19. Roger J. A. Laeven & Mitja Stadje, 2013. "Entropy Coherent and Entropy Convex Measures of Risk," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 38(2), pages 265-293, May.
    20. Aït-Sahalia, Yacine & Cacho-Diaz, Julio & Laeven, Roger J.A., 2015. "Modeling financial contagion using mutually exciting jump processes," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(3), pages 585-606.
    21. Kleinow, Jacob & Moreira, Fernando & Strobl, Sascha & Vähämaa, Sami, 2017. "Measuring systemic risk: A comparison of alternative market-based approaches," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 40-46.
    22. Embrechts, Paul & Hoing, Andrea & Puccetti, Giovanni, 2005. "Worst VaR scenarios," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 115-134, August.
    23. Labuschagne, Coenraad C.A. & Offwood, Theresa M., 2010. "A note on the connection between the Esscher-Girsanov transform and the Wang transform," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 385-390, December.
    24. Dhaene, Jan & Goovaerts, Marc J., 1996. "Dependency of Risks and Stop-Loss Order1," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 26(2), pages 201-212, November.
    25. Mainik Georg & Schaanning Eric, 2014. "On dependence consistency of CoVaRand some other systemic risk measures," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 31(1), pages 1-29, March.
    26. Alejandro Balbás & José Garrido & Silvia Mayoral, 2009. "Properties of Distortion Risk Measures," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 385-399, September.
    27. Girardi, Giulio & Tolga Ergün, A., 2013. "Systemic risk measurement: Multivariate GARCH estimation of CoVaR," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 3169-3180.
    28. Phelim Boyle & Joseph H. T. Kim, 2012. "Designing a Countercyclical Insurance Program for Systemic Risk," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 79(4), pages 963-993, December.
    29. Hoffmann, Hannes & Meyer-Brandis, Thilo & Svindland, Gregor, 2016. "Risk-consistent conditional systemic risk measures," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 126(7), pages 2014-2037.
    30. Denuit Michel & Dhaene Jan & Goovaerts Marc & Kaas Rob & Laeven Roger, 2006. "Risk measurement with equivalent utility principles," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 24(1), pages 1-25, July.
    31. C. Gourieroux & A. Monfort, 2013. "Allocating Systemic Risk In A Regulatory Perspective," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 16(07), pages 1-20.
    32. Francesca Biagini & Jean‐Pierre Fouque & Marco Frittelli & Thilo Meyer‐Brandis, 2019. "A unified approach to systemic risk measures via acceptance sets," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(1), pages 329-367, January.
    33. Kaas, Rob & Laeven, Roger J.A. & Nelsen, Roger B., 2009. "Worst VaR scenarios with given marginals and measures of association," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(2), pages 146-158, April.
    34. Shaun, Wang, 1995. "Insurance pricing and increased limits ratemaking by proportional hazards transforms," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 43-54, August.
    35. Wang, Shaun S. & Young, Virginia R. & Panjer, Harry H., 1997. "Axiomatic characterization of insurance prices," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 173-183, November.
    36. Hannes Hoffmann & Thilo Meyer-Brandis & Gregor Svindland, 2016. "Risk-Consistent Conditional Systemic Risk Measures," Papers 1609.07897, arXiv.org.
    37. Dhaene, J. & Goovaerts, M. J., 1997. "On the dependency of risks in the individual life model," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 243-253, May.
    38. Alexander Cherny & Dilip Madan, 2009. "New Measures for Performance Evaluation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(7), pages 2371-2406, July.
    39. Genest, Christian & Gerber, Hans U. & Goovaerts, Marc J. & Laeven, Roger J.A., 2009. "Editorial to the special issue on modeling and measurement of multivariate risk in insurance and finance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(2), pages 143-145, April.
    40. Sordo, Miguel A., 2008. "Characterizations of classes of risk measures by dispersive orders," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 1028-1034, June.
    41. Sordo, Miguel A. & Suárez-Llorens, Alfonso & Bello, Alfonso J., 2015. "Comparison of conditional distributions in portfolios of dependent risks," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 62-69.
    42. Goovaerts, Marc J. & Kaas, Rob & Laeven, Roger J.A., 2011. "Worst case risk measurement: Back to the future?," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 380-392.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alexandra-Maria Chiper, 2023. "Financial Risk Optimisation Methods: A Survey," Review of Economic and Business Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 31, pages 155-168, June.
    2. Aleksy Leeuwenkamp & Wentao Hu, 2023. "New general dependence measures: construction, estimation and application to high-frequency stock returns," Papers 2309.00025, arXiv.org.
    3. Li, Jinzhu, 2022. "Asymptotic analysis of a dynamic systemic risk measure in a renewal risk model," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 38-56.
    4. Ortega-Jiménez, P. & Sordo, M.A. & Suárez-Llorens, A., 2021. "Stochastic orders and multivariate measures of risk contagion," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 199-207.
    5. Hanna Hrinchenko & Olha Prokopenko & Nadiia Shmygol & Viktor Koval & Liliya Filipishyna & Svitlana Palii & Lucian-Ionel Cioca, 2024. "Sustainable Energy Safety Management Utilizing an Industry-Relative Assessment of Enterprise Equipment Technical Condition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-17, January.
    6. Mélanie Bourassa Forcier & Charles-Étienne Daniel & Arthur Oulaï & Natalia Torres Orozco & Olivia Toussaint-Martin & Mathieu Kiriakos, 2023. "Le déploiement de la cybersanté au Mali: considérations juridiques à partir de la perspective québécoise," CIRANO Working Papers 2023s-08, CIRANO.
    7. Shushi, Tomer & Yao, Jing, 2020. "Multivariate risk measures based on conditional expectation and systemic risk for Exponential Dispersion Models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 178-186.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sordo, M.A. & Bello, A.J. & Suárez-Llorens, A., 2018. "Stochastic orders and co-risk measures under positive dependence," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 105-113.
    2. Yiting Fan & Rui Fang, 2022. "Some Results on Measures of Interaction among Risks," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-19, October.
    3. Ortega-Jiménez, P. & Sordo, M.A. & Suárez-Llorens, A., 2021. "Stochastic orders and multivariate measures of risk contagion," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 199-207.
    4. Rui Fang & Xiaohu Li, 2018. "Some Results on Measures of Interaction between Paired Risks," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-15, August.
    5. Takaaki Koike & Marius Hofert, 2020. "Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods for Estimating Systemic Risk Allocations," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-33, January.
    6. Goovaerts, Marc J. & Kaas, Rob & Laeven, Roger J.A., 2011. "Worst case risk measurement: Back to the future?," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 380-392.
    7. Albrecht, Peter & Huggenberger, Markus, 2017. "The fundamental theorem of mutual insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 180-188.
    8. Belles-Sampera, Jaume & Merigó, José M. & Guillén, Montserrat & Santolino, Miguel, 2013. "The connection between distortion risk measures and ordered weighted averaging operators," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 411-420.
    9. Zhu, Li & Li, Haijun, 2012. "Tail distortion risk and its asymptotic analysis," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 115-121.
    10. Sordo, Miguel A. & Suárez-Llorens, Alfonso, 2011. "Stochastic comparisons of distorted variability measures," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 11-17, July.
    11. Sordo, Miguel A., 2016. "A multivariate extension of the increasing convex order to compare risks," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 224-230.
    12. repec:bpj:demode:v:6:y:2018:i:1:p:156-177:n:10 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Ikefuji, Masako & Laeven, Roger J.A. & Magnus, Jan R. & Muris, Chris, 2015. "Expected utility and catastrophic consumption risk," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 306-312.
    14. Goovaerts, Marc & Linders, Daniël & Van Weert, Koen & Tank, Fatih, 2012. "On the interplay between distortion, mean value and Haezendonck–Goovaerts risk measures," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 10-18.
    15. Takaaki Koike & Marius Hofert, 2019. "Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods for Estimating Systemic Risk Allocations," Papers 1909.11794, arXiv.org, revised May 2020.
    16. Tobias Fissler & Yannick Hoga, 2021. "Backtesting Systemic Risk Forecasts using Multi-Objective Elicitability," Papers 2104.10673, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2022.
    17. Yuhao Liu & Petar M. Djurić & Young Shin Kim & Svetlozar T. Rachev & James Glimm, 2021. "Systemic Risk Modeling with Lévy Copulas," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, June.
    18. Shushi, Tomer & Yao, Jing, 2020. "Multivariate risk measures based on conditional expectation and systemic risk for Exponential Dispersion Models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 178-186.
    19. Furman, Edward & Zitikis, Ricardas, 2008. "Weighted risk capital allocations," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 263-269, October.
    20. Wang, Wei & Xu, Huifu & Ma, Tiejun, 2023. "Optimal scenario-dependent multivariate shortfall risk measure and its application in risk capital allocation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 306(1), pages 322-347.
    21. Gilles Boevi Koumou & Georges Dionne, 2022. "Coherent Diversification Measures in Portfolio Theory: An Axiomatic Foundation," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, October.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1901.04689. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.