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Wage Differentials among Ownership Groups and Worker Quality in Vietnamese Manufacturing

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  • Ramstetter, Eric D.
  • Nguyen, Kien Trung

Abstract

This paper examines wage differentials among medium-large (20 or more employees) whollyforeign multinational enterprises (WFs), joint-venture multinationals (JVs), state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and domestic private firms in Vietnamese manufacturing. The analysis focuses on 2009 because it is possible to examine wage differentials after accounting for the influences of two measures of worker quality, educational background and occupation. Simple comparisons in large samples of 11 industries combined indicate that averages wages in JVs were about 92 percent higher than in private firms in 2009, SOEs and WFs paid 57 and 54 percent more than private firms, respectively. Corresponding, conditional differentials that control for the influences of worker education and occupation, as well as capital intensity, size, and shares of female workers, were substantially smaller, but positive and significant in largesamples. Wage levels and differentials varied substantially among industries. Conditional differentials remained positive and significant for WFs and JFs in most of the 11 industries examined, but estimates of SOE-private differentials were insignificant in most industries. Robustness checks using 2007 data could not account for worker occupation, but revealed results similar to those for 2009.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramstetter, Eric D. & Nguyen, Kien Trung, 2015. "Wage Differentials among Ownership Groups and Worker Quality in Vietnamese Manufacturing," AGI Working Paper Series 2015-05, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:agi:wpaper:00000037
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert E. Lipsey, 2004. "Home- and Host-Country Effects of Foreign Direct Investment," NBER Chapters, in: Challenges to Globalization: Analyzing the Economics, pages 333-379, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Ramstetter, Eric D. & Narjoko, Dionisius, 2013. "Wage Differentials between Foreign Multinationals and Local Plants and Worker Education in Indonesian Manufacturing," AGI Working Paper Series 2013-23, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    3. Emiko Fukase, 2014. "Foreign Wage Premium, Gender and Education: Insights from Vietnam Household Surveys," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(6), pages 834-855, June.
    4. Eric D. Ramstetter, 2014. "Wage Differentials between Foreign Multinationals and Local Plants and Worker Quality in Malaysian Manufacturing," Asian Development Review, MIT Press, vol. 31(2), pages 55-76, September.
    5. Lim, David, 1977. "Do foreign companies pay higher wages than their local counterparts in Malaysian manufacturing?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 55-66, February.
    6. Lipsey, Robert E. & Sjoholm, Fredrik, 2004. "Foreign direct investment, education and wages in Indonesian manufacturing," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 415-422, February.
    7. Emiko Fukase, 2014. "Job Opportunities in Foreign Firms and Internal Migration in Vietnam," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 28(3), pages 279-299, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ramstetter, Eric D., 2017. "How important are SOEs and MNEs in Vietnam’s economy?," AGI Working Paper Series 2017-09, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    2. Kien Trung Nguyen & Eric D. Ramstetter, 2019. "Ownership-Related Wage Differentials By Occupation In Vietnamese Manufacturing," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 64(03), pages 625-645, June.
    3. Ramstetter, Eric D., 2018. "Foreign Ownership and Exports of Thai Manufacturing Plants by Industry in 1996," AGI Working Paper Series 2018-05, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    4. Tien Manh Vu & Hiroyuki Yamada & Tsunehiro Otsuki, 2017. "Rise and Fall of Multinational Enterprises in Vietnam: Survival Analysis Using Census Data during 2000–2011-super-," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 31(1), pages 83-109, March.
    5. Thuyen, Truong Thi Ngoc & Jongwanich, Juthathip & Ramstetter, Eric D., 2017. "Trade protection and productivity differentials between multinationals and local firms in Vietnamese manufacturing," AGI Working Paper Series 2017-01, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    6. Ramstetter, Eric D., 2017. "Foreign Workers, Foreign Multinationals, and Wages after Controlling for Occupation and Sex in Malaysia’s Manufacturing Plants during the mid-1990s," AGI Working Paper Series 2017-13, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    7. Ramstetter, Eric D., 2018. "Foreign Multinationals and Vietnamese Firm Exports, 2010-2013," AGI Working Paper Series 2018-04, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    8. Dang, Thang, 2017. "Education as Protection? The Effect of Schooling on Non-Wage Compensation in a Developing Country," MPRA Paper 79223, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Ramstetter, Eric D., 2016. "Multinational Enterprise Growth and Vietnam's Employment and Wages in Manufacturing and Trade Industries: Did Takeovers Play a Role?," AGI Working Paper Series 2016-05, Asian Growth Research Institute.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Multinational enterprises; manufacturing; wage differentials; state-owned enterprises; ownership; Multinational enterprises; manufacturing; wage differentials; state-owned enterprises; ownership;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • L60 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - General
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East

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