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Information transmission in electronic versus open‐outcry trading systems: An analysis of U.S. equity index futures markets

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  • Aysegul Ates
  • George H. K. Wang

Abstract

In this article the intraday price discovery process between regular index futures (floor trading) and E‐mini index futures (electronic trading) in the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 index futures markets is examined, using intraday data from the introduction of the E‐mini index futures to 2001. Using both information shares (Hasbrouck, J., 1995) and common long‐memory factor weights (Gonzalo, J., & Granger, C. W. J., 1995) techniques, we find that both E‐mini index futures and regular index futures contribute to the price discovery process. However, since September 1998, the contribution made by E‐mini index futures has been greater than that provided by regular index futures. Based on regression analysis, we have also found direct empirical evidence to support the hypothesis that the joint effects of operational efficiency and relative liquidity determine the greater contribution made towards price discovery by electronic trading relative to open‐outcry trading over time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25: 679–715, 2005

Suggested Citation

  • Aysegul Ates & George H. K. Wang, 2005. "Information transmission in electronic versus open‐outcry trading systems: An analysis of U.S. equity index futures markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(7), pages 679-715, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jfutmk:v:25:y:2005:i:7:p:679-715
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    1. Li, Wei-Xuan & Chen, Clara Chia-Sheng & Nguyen, James, 2022. "Which market dominates the price discovery in currency futures? The case of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Intercontinental Exchange," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    2. Martinez, Valeria & Tse, Yiuman, 2018. "Intraday price discovery analysis in the foreign exchange market of an emerging economy: Mexico," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 271-284.
    3. Chen, Yu-Lun & Tsai, Wei-Che, 2017. "Determinants of price discovery in the VIX futures market," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 59-73.
    4. Yang Hu & Yang (Greg) Hou & Les Oxley, 2019. "Spot and Futures Prices of Bitcoin: Causality, Cointegration and Price Discovery from a Time-Varying Perspective," Working Papers in Economics 19/13, University of Waikato.
    5. Hou, Yang & Li, Steven & Wen, Fenghua, 2019. "Time-varying volatility spillover between Chinese fuel oil and stock index futures markets based on a DCC-GARCH model with a semi-nonparametric approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 119-143.
    6. Lucjan T. Orlowski, 2015. "From pit to electronic trading: Impact on price volatility of U.S. Treasury futures," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(1), pages 3-9, April.
    7. Lepone, Andrew & Yang, Jin Young, 2013. "Informational role of market makers: The case of exchange traded CFDs," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 84-92.
    8. Martin T. Bohl & Alexander Pütz & Pierre L. Siklos & Christoph Sulewski, 2018. "Information Transmission under Increasing Political Tension – Evidence for the Berlin Produce Exchange 1887-1896," CQE Working Papers 7618, Center for Quantitative Economics (CQE), University of Muenster.
    9. Hou, Yang & Nartea, Gilbert, 2017. "Price Discovery in the Stock Index Futures Market: Evidence from the Chinese stock market crash," MPRA Paper 81995, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Yang Hou & Steven Li & Fenghua Wen, 2021. "Time-varying information share and autoregressive loading factors: evidence from S&P 500 cash and E-mini futures markets," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 91-110, July.
    11. Perera, Devmali & Białkowski, Jędrzej & Bohl, Martin T., 2020. "Does the tea market require a futures contract? Evidence from the Sri Lankan tea market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    12. Hu, Yang & Hou, Yang Greg & Oxley, Les, 2020. "What role do futures markets play in Bitcoin pricing? Causality, cointegration and price discovery from a time-varying perspective?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    13. Iman Adeinat & Naseem Al Rahahleh & Peihwang Wei, 2018. "Did crisis alter trading of two major oil futures markets?," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 45-61, April.
    14. Karan Bhanot & Valeria Martinez & Zi Ning & Yiuman Tse, 2008. "Competition for Order Flow and Market Quality in the Gold and Silver Futures Markets," Working Papers 0036, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
    15. Lin, Chu-Bin & Chou, Robin K. & Wang, George H.K., 2018. "Investor sentiment and price discovery: Evidence from the pricing dynamics between the futures and spot markets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 17-31.
    16. Chen, Wei-Peng & Ling Lin, Shu & Lu, Jun & Wu, Chih-Chiang, 2018. "The impact of funding liquidity on market quality," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 153-166.
    17. Chen, Wei-Peng & Chung, Huimin & Lien, Donald, 2016. "Price discovery in the S&P 500 index derivatives markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 438-452.
    18. Hou, Yang & Li, Steven, 2017. "Time-Varying Price Discovery and Autoregressive Loading Factors: Evidence from S&P 500 Cash and E-Mini Futures Markets," MPRA Paper 81999, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Yu‐Lun Chen & Yen‐Hsien Lee & Robin K. Chou & Ya‐Kai Chang, 2021. "Arbitrage trading and price discovery of the regular and mini Taiwan stock index futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(6), pages 926-948, June.
    20. Greppmair, Stefan & Theissen, Erik, 2022. "Small is beautiful? How the introduction of mini futures contracts affects the regular contracts," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 19-38.
    21. Nicholas Taylor, 2010. "The Determinants of Future U.S. Monetary Policy: High‐Frequency Evidence," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(2‐3), pages 399-420, March.
    22. Jatin Malhotra & Angelo Corelli, 2021. "The Relative Informativeness of Regular and E-Mini Euro/Dollar Futures Contracts and the Role of Trader Types," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-14, June.
    23. Kao, Erin H. & Ho, Tsung-wu & Fung, Hung-Gay, 2015. "Price linkage between the US and Japanese futures across different time zones: An analysis of the minute-by-minute data," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 321-336.
    24. Buckle, Mike & Chen, Jing & Guo, Qian & Tong, Chen, 2018. "Do ETFs lead the price moves? Evidence from the major US markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 91-103.

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