IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/ijfiec/v27y2022i4p4619-4632.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Have European banks maintained their payout policy during the crisis? The role of scrip dividends

Author

Listed:
  • David Blanco‐Alcántara
  • Jorge Gallud‐Cano
  • Félix J. López‐Iturriaga
  • Óscar López‐de‐Foronda

Abstract

We analyse the trend among 79 banks from 20 European countries towards scrip dividends. Whereas banks do not seem to smooth cash dividends, they do smooth total dividends, which include both cash and scrip dividends. We also find that the new legal requirements (resulting from the Basel III Accord and other country‐level laws) have different implications on cash and scrip dividends. Whereas the need for better and more capital imposed by these rules has led banks to cut cash dividends, there is a positive relationship between the legal requirements on capital adequacy and scrip dividends.

Suggested Citation

  • David Blanco‐Alcántara & Jorge Gallud‐Cano & Félix J. López‐Iturriaga & Óscar López‐de‐Foronda, 2022. "Have European banks maintained their payout policy during the crisis? The role of scrip dividends," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(4), pages 4619-4632, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:ijfiec:v:27:y:2022:i:4:p:4619-4632
    DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.2391
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2391
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1002/ijfe.2391?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eugene F. Fama & Kenneth R. French, 2001. "Disappearing Dividends: Changing Firm Characteristics Or Lower Propensity To Pay?," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 14(1), pages 67-79, March.
    2. Djankov, Simeon & McLiesh, Caralee & Shleifer, Andrei, 2007. "Private credit in 129 countries," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 299-329, May.
    3. Kanas, Angelos, 2013. "Bank dividends, risk, and regulatory regimes," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 1-10.
    4. Enrico Onali, 2014. "Moral Hazard, Dividends, and Risk in Banks," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(1-2), pages 128-155, January.
    5. Amihud, Yakov & Li, Kefei, 2006. "The Declining Information Content of Dividend Announcements and the Effects of Institutional Holdings," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 41(3), pages 637-660, September.
    6. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem & Bibi, Bushra & Zheng, Changjun, 2016. "How to regulate bank dividends? Is capital regulation an answer?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 281-293.
    7. Yelena Larkin & Mark T. Leary & Roni Michaely, 2017. "Do Investors Value Dividend-Smoothing Stocks Differently?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(12), pages 4114-4136, December.
    8. M. Ameziane Lasfer, 1997. "Scrip Dividends: the Management's View," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 3(2), pages 237-249, July.
    9. Rafael La Porta & Florencio Lopez‐de‐Silanes & Andrei Shleifer & Robert W. Vishny, 2000. "Agency Problems and Dividend Policies around the World," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(1), pages 1-33, February.
    10. Wesson, N. & Smit, E.v.d.M. & Kidd, M. & Hamman, W.D., 2018. "Determinants of the choice between share repurchases and dividend payments," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 180-196.
    11. Viral V. Acharya & Irvind Gujral & Nirupama Kulkarni & Hyun Song Shin, 2011. "Dividends and Bank Capital in the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009," NBER Working Papers 16896, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Forti, Cristiano & Schiozer, Rafael F., 2015. "Bank dividends and signaling to information-sensitive depositors," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1-11.
    13. Kent Baker, H. & De Ridder, Adri, 2018. "Payout policy in industrial and financial firms," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 138-151.
    14. Barth, James R. & Caprio, Gerard Jr. & Levine, Ross, 2004. "Bank regulation and supervision: what works best?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 205-248, April.
    15. Abdalla Salih & Mahieddine Adnan Ghecham & Sameer Al‐Barghouthi, 2019. "The impact of global financial crisis on conventional and Islamic banks in the GCC countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(3), pages 1225-1237, July.
    16. Júlio Lobão & Luís Pacheco & Susana Campos, 2019. "Stock price effects of bank rating announcements: An application to European Union countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(1), pages 4-19, January.
    17. Nicos Koussis & Michalis Makrominas, 2019. "What factors determine dividend smoothing by US and EU banks?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(7-8), pages 1030-1059, July.
    18. Salamata Loaba & Pam Zahonogo, 2019. "Effects of information sharing on banking credit and economic growth in developing countries: Evidence from the West African Economic and Monetary Union," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(3), pages 1079-1090, July.
    19. Lepetit, L. & Meslier, C. & Strobel, F. & Wardhana, L., 2018. "Bank dividends, agency costs and shareholder and creditor rights," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 93-111.
    20. Chemmanur, Thomas J. & He, Jie & Hu, Gang & Liu, Helen, 2010. "Is dividend smoothing universal?: New insights from a comparative study of dividend policies in Hong Kong and the U.S," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 413-430, September.
    21. Bin Chang & Shantanu Dutta & Samir Saadi & PengCheng Zhu, 2018. "Corporate Governance And Dividend Payout Policy: Beyond Country‐Level Governance," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 41(4), pages 445-484, December.
    22. Baah Aye Kusi & Mary Opoku†Mensah, 2018. "Does credit information sharing affect funding cost of banks? Evidence from African banks," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(1), pages 19-28, January.
    23. La Porta, Rafael & Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio & Shleifer, Andrei & Vishny, Robert, 2000. "Investor protection and corporate governance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1-2), pages 3-27.
    24. Eissa A. Al‐Homaidi & Mosab I. Tabash & Najib H. Farhan & Faozi A. Almaqtari, 2019. "The determinants of liquidity of Indian listed commercial banks: A panel data approach," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 1616521-161, January.
    25. Tuomas Antero Peltonen & Michela Rancan & Peter Sarlin, 2019. "Interconnectedness of the banking sector as a vulnerability to crises," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(2), pages 963-990, April.
    26. João C.A. Teixeira & Francisco J.F. Silva & Fernando A.T. Costa & Dário M.C. Martins & Maria da Graça Batista, 2020. "Banks' profitability, institutions, and regulation in the context of the financial crisis," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(2), pages 297-320, April.
    27. Floyd, Eric & Li, Nan & Skinner, Douglas J., 2015. "Payout policy through the financial crisis: The growth of repurchases and the resilience of dividends," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(2), pages 299-316.
    28. Dung Viet Tran & Badar Nadeem Ashraf, 2018. "Dividend policy and bank opacity," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(2), pages 186-204, April.
    29. Mark T. Leary & Roni Michaely, 2011. "Determinants of Dividend Smoothing: Empirical Evidence," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 24(10), pages 3197-3249.
    30. Faozi A. Almaqtari & Eissa A. Al‐Homaidi & Mosab I. Tabash & Najib H. Farhan, 2019. "The determinants of profitability of Indian commercial banks: A panel data approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(1), pages 168-185, January.
    31. Arellano, Manuel, 2003. "Panel Data Econometrics," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199245291, Decembrie.
    32. James R. Barth & Gerard Caprio & Ross Levine, 2013. "Bank regulation and supervision in 180 countries from 1999 to 2011," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 5(2), pages 111-219, May.
    33. Victor Echevarria†Icaza & Simón Sosvilla†Rivero, 2018. "Systemic banks, capital composition, and CoCo bonds issuance: The effects on bank risk," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(2), pages 122-133, April.
    34. Daniel Ofori‐Sasu & Lord Mensah & John Kwame Akuma & Isaac Doku, 2019. "Banking efficiency in emerging economies: Does foreign banks entry matter in the Ghanaian context?," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(3), pages 1091-1108, July.
    35. Jan Henrik Wosnitza, 2019. "Alarm index for institutional bank runs," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(3), pages 1254-1270, July.
    36. Fernau, Erik & Hirsch, Stefan, 2019. "What drives dividend smoothing? A meta regression analysis of the Lintner model," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 255-273.
    37. Michael Dempsey & Abeyratna Gunasekarage & Thanh Tan Truong, 2019. "The association between dividend payout and firm growth: Australian evidence," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 59(4), pages 2345-2376, December.
    38. Oino, Isaiah, 2018. "Impact of regulatory capital on European banks financial performance: A review of post global financial crisis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 309-318.
    39. Hafiz Hoque & Eilnaz Kashefi Pour, 2018. "Bank‐level and country‐level determinants of bank capital structure and funding sources," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(4), pages 504-532, October.
    40. Varouj Aivazian & Laurence Booth & Sean Cleary, 2003. "Do Emerging Market Firms Follow Different Dividend Policies From U.S. Firms?," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 26(3), pages 371-387, September.
    41. Booth, Laurence & Zhou, Jun, 2017. "Dividend policy: A selective review of results from around the world," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 1-15.
    42. M. Ameziane Lasfer, 1997. "On the Motivation for Paying Scrip Dividends," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 26(1), Spring.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lepetit, L. & Meslier, C. & Strobel, F. & Wardhana, L., 2018. "Bank dividends, agency costs and shareholder and creditor rights," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 93-111.
    2. Duqi, Andi & Jaafar, Aziz & Warsame, Mohammed H., 2020. "Payout policy and ownership structure: The case of Islamic and conventional banks," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(1).
    3. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem & Bibi, Bushra & Zheng, Changjun, 2016. "How to regulate bank dividends? Is capital regulation an answer?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 281-293.
    4. Seyed Alireza Athari, 2021. "The effects of institutional settings and risks on bank dividend policy in an emerging market: Evidence from Tobit model," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(3), pages 4493-4515, July.
    5. Laetitia Lepetit & Céline Meslier-Crouzille & Leo Indra Wardhana, 2015. "Do Asymmetric Information and Ownership Structure Matter for Dividend Payout Decisions? Evidence from European Banks," Working Papers hal-01186722, HAL.
    6. Kent Baker, H. & De Ridder, Adri, 2018. "Payout policy in industrial and financial firms," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 138-151.
    7. Che Johari, Edie Erman & Chronopoulos, Dimitris K. & Scholtens, Bert & Sobiech, Anna L. & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Deposit insurance and bank dividend policy," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    8. Benoît D'Udekem, 2014. "Rational Dividend Addiction in Banking," Working Papers CEB 14-013, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    9. Benoit d’Udekem, 2021. "Agency Conflicts and Dividend Persistence," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 60(2), pages 207-234, December.
    10. Marco Belloni & Maciej Grodzicki & Mariusz Jarmuzek, 2022. "Why European Banks Adjust their Dividend Payouts?," IMF Working Papers 2022/194, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Salvatore Cardillo & Jacopo Raponi, 2023. "EU banks' dividend policies: main determinants and the role of capital ratios," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1403, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    12. Chronopoulos, Dimitris K. & Johari, Edie Erman Che & Scholtens, Bert & Sobiech, Anna L. & Wilson, John O.S. & Yilmaz, Muhammed H., 2023. "Competition and bank dividends," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    13. Dautović, Ernest & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Reghezza, Alessio, 2023. "Supervisory policy stimulus: evidence from the euro area dividend recommendation," Working Paper Series 2796, European Central Bank.
    14. Tahir, Muhammad & Ibrahim, Haslindar & Zulkafli, Abdul Hadi & Mushtaq, Muhammad, 2020. "Corruption, national culture, law and dividend repatriation policy," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 57.
    15. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem & Zheng, Changjun & Jiang, Chonghui & Qian, Ningyu, 2020. "Capital regulation, deposit insurance and bank risk: International evidence from normal and crisis periods," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    16. Urszula Mrzyglod & Sabina Nowak & Magdalena Mosionek-Schweda & Jakub M. Kwiatkowski, 2021. "What drives the dividend decisions in BRICS countries?," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 12(3), pages 593-629, September.
    17. Thomas Flavin & Abhinav Goyal & Thomas O'Connor, 2021. "Corporate governance, life cycle, and payout precommitment: An emerging market study," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 44(1), pages 179-209, April.
    18. Michele Fabrizi & Elisabetta Ipino & Michel Magnan & Antonio Parbonetti, 2016. "Real Regulatory Capital Management and Dividend Payout: Evidence from Available-for-Sale Securities," CIRANO Working Papers 2016s-57, CIRANO.
    19. Booth, Laurence & Zhou, Jun, 2017. "Dividend policy: A selective review of results from around the world," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 1-15.
    20. Thomas J.Flavin & Abhinav Goyal & Thomas O'Connor, 2020. "Role of corporate governance and lifecycle in determining payout precommitment in an emerging economy," Economics Department Working Paper Series n297-20.pdf, Department of Economics, National University of Ireland - Maynooth.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:ijfiec:v:27:y:2022:i:4:p:4619-4632. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1076-9307/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.