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The Commitment to Income‐Decreasing Accounting Choices As a Credible Signal to Reducing Information Asymmetry: The Case of Asset Revaluations

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  • Fábio Moraes da Costa
  • Carol Liu
  • Gina Cavalier Rosa
  • Samuel L. Tiras

Abstract

Bagnoli and Watts (2005) proposed that a manager could reduce information asymmetry by choosing an income‐decreasing accounting choice that signals the firm's relatively good future prospects. A limitation in testing this theory is that most income‐decreasing accounting choices over time reverse such that aggregated earnings would be the same, regardless of the choice. One income‐decreasing accounting choice that never reverses is the choice of upward asset revaluation, where the resulting gains are recognized through other comprehensive income and reduce future earnings by increasing future depreciation expense. In the United Kingdom, prior to FRS15, firms had the option to upwardly revalue on a one‐time basis. FRS15, and subsequently International Financial Reporting Standards, however, require those firms that upwardly revalue precommit to revalue on a consistent basis. This precommitment sacrifices future reporting discretion, which, according to the aforementioned study, serves as a costly signal of a firm's relatively good future prospects that reduces information asymmetry. The choice not to upwardly revalue, therefore, serves as a signal of a firm's relatively poor future prospects and also reduces information asymmetry, but this choice does not require precommitment such that the reduction in information asymmetry would be less than the choice to precommit to upward revaluations. Using a propensity‐score matched‐pair design on a sample of United Kingdom firms to test our predictions during the period requiring precommitment, we find lower forecast dispersion, lower return volatility, and a lower cost of capital for firms that precommit to upward asset revaluations, relative to those firms that choose not to upwardly revalue their operating assets. Keywords: upward asset revaluations, income‐decreasing accounting choice, information asymmetry, precommitment Engagement à faire des choix comptables axés sur une diminution des gains en tant que signal crédible pour réduire l'asymétrie de l'information : le cas des réévaluations d'actifs Bagnoli et Watts (2005) proposent qu'un gestionnaire pourrait réduire l'asymétrie de l'information en optant pour un type de comptabilité axé sur une diminution des gains qui signale que les perspectives de la société sont relativement bonnes. Une des limites de la mise à l'essai de cette théorie est que la plupart des choix comptables axés sur une diminution des gains s'inversent au fil du temps de telle façon que les gains agrégés finissent par être les mêmes, peu importe le choix qui a été fait. Un des choix axés sur la diminution des gains qui ne s'inverse jamais est celui d'une réévaluation à la hausse des actifs, dans le cadre de laquelle les gains réalisés sont inscrits dans les autres éléments du résultat étendu et réduisent les gains ultérieurs en augmentant la charge d'amortissement future. Au Royaume‐Uni, avant l'entrée en vigueur de la norme FRS 15, les sociétés pouvaient réévaluer des actifs à la hausse une seule fois. Cependant, depuis l'adoption de FRS 15 et, par la suite, des NIIF, les sociétés qui procèdent à une réévaluation à la hausse doivent au préalable s'engager à réévaluer à la hausse sur une base régulière. Cet engagement réduit la liberté de choix quant à la communication d'information financière, ce qui, selon Bagnoli et Watts (2005), représente un signal coûteux des perspectives relativement bonnes d'une société qui réduit l'asymétrie de l'information. Par conséquent, la décision de ne pas réévaluer à la hausse indique que les perspectives de la société sont relativement mauvaises et réduit également l'asymétrie de l'information, mais cette option n'est pas assortie d'un engagement préalable qui ferait en sorte que la réduction de l'asymétrie de l'information serait moins importante que dans le cadre d'un engagement à réévaluer à la hausse de façon régulière. À l'aide d'une analyse de l'appariement des scores de propension portant sur un échantillon de sociétés du Royaume‐Uni, nous avons testé nos prévisions durant la période d'engagement requise et nous avons découvert que les sociétés liées par cet engagement présentent une dispersion des prévisions, une volatilité du rendement et un coût du capital plus faibles que les sociétés qui ont choisi de ne pas réévaluer à la hausse leurs actifs d'exploitation.

Suggested Citation

  • Fábio Moraes da Costa & Carol Liu & Gina Cavalier Rosa & Samuel L. Tiras, 2020. "The Commitment to Income‐Decreasing Accounting Choices As a Credible Signal to Reducing Information Asymmetry: The Case of Asset Revaluations," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2501-2522, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:37:y:2020:i:4:p:2501-2522
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12606
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    1. Grzybek, Olga, 2023. "Are accounting choices for intangible assets informative or opportunistic? Evidence from Poland," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).

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    Keywords

    upward asset revaluations; income‐decreasing accounting choice; information asymmetry; precommitment engagement à faire des choix comptables axés sur une diminution des gains en tant que signal crédible pour réduire l'asymétrie de l'information : le cas des réévaluations d'actifs bagnoli et watts (2005) proposent qu'un gestionnaire pourrait réduire l'asymétrie de l'information en optant pour un type de comptabilité axé sur une diminution des gains qui signale que les perspectives de la société sont relativement bonnes. une des limites de la mise à l'essai de cette théorie est que la plupart des choix comptables axés sur une diminution des gains s'inversent au fil du temps de telle façon que les gains agrégés finissent par être les mêmes; peu importe le choix qui a été fait. un des choix axés sur la diminution des gains qui ne s'inverse jamais est celui d'une réévaluation à la hausse des actifs; dans le cadre de laquelle les gains réalisés sont inscrits dans les autres éléments du résultat étendu et réduisent les gains ultérieurs en augmentant la charge d'amortissement future. au royaume‐uni; avant l'entrée en vigueur de la norme frs 15; les sociétés pouvaient réévaluer des actifs à la hausse une seule fois. cependant; depuis l'adoption de frs 15 et; par la suite; des niif; les sociétés qui procèdent à une réévaluation à la hausse doivent au préalable s'engager à réévaluer à la hausse sur une base régulière. cet engagement réduit la liberté de choix quant à la communication d'information financière; ce qui; selon bagnoli et watts (2005); représente un signal coûteux des perspectives relativement bonnes d'une société qui réduit l'asymétrie de l'information. par conséquent; la décision de ne pas réévaluer à la hausse indique que les perspectives de la société sont relativement mauvaises et réduit également l'asymétrie de l'information; mais cette option n'est pas assortie d'un engagement préalable qui ferait en sorte que la réduction de l'asymétrie de l'information serait moins importante que dans le cadre d'un engagement à réévaluer à la hausse de façon régulière. à l'aide d'une analyse de l'appariement des scores de propension portant sur un échantillon de sociétés du royaume‐uni; nous avons testé nos prévisions durant la période d'engagement requise et nous avons découvert que les sociétés liées par cet engagement présentent une dispersion des prévisions; une volatilité du rendement et un coût du capital plus faibles que les sociétés qui ont choisi de ne pas réévaluer à la hausse leurs actifs d'exploitation.;
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