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Quantifying the economic impacts of COVID‐19 policy responses on Canada's provinces in (almost) real time

Author

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  • Christopher Cotton
  • Bahman Kashi
  • Huw Lloyd‐Ellis
  • Frederic Tremblay
  • Brett Crowley

Abstract

We develop a methodology to track and quantify the economic impacts of lockdown and reopening policies by Canadian provinces in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, using data that is available with a relatively short time lag. To do so, we adapt, calibrate and implement a dynamic, seasonally adjusted, input–output model with supply constraints. Our framework allows us to quantify potential scenarios that allow for dynamic complementarities between industries, seasonal fluctuations and changes in demand composition. Taking account of the observed variation in reopening strategies across provinces, we estimate the costs of the policy response in terms of lost hours of employment and production. Among other results, we show how a more aggressive response, even though it imposes higher economic costs in the short run, can lead to lower economic costs in the long run if it means avoiding future waves of lockdowns. Quantification des impacts économiques des politiques associées à la COVID‐19dans les provinces canadiennes en temps réel (ou presque). On développe une méthodologie pour identifier et quantifier les impacts économiques des mesures de confinement et des politiques de déconfinement dans chacune des provinces canadiennes en réponse à la pandémie de la COVID‐19 en utilisant des données publiées avec un court décalage. Pour ce faire, on adapte, calibre et implémente un modèle d'entrées‐sorties dynamique désaisonnalisé avec des contraintes au niveau de l'offre. Notre modèle nous permet de quantifier des scénarios potentiels qui incorporent les complémentarités dynamiques entre les industries, les fluctuations saisonnières et les changements dans la composition de la demande. En prenant en compte les variations observées dans les stratégies de déconfinement de chaque province, on estime les coûts des politiques en ce qui a trait aux pertes d'heures travaillées et de production. Parmi les autres résultats observés, on démontre qu'une réponse plus agressive, quoique plus coûteuse à court terme, peut mener à des coûts économiques moins élevés à long‐terme si elle permet d’éviter des vagues de reconfinement.

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  • Christopher Cotton & Bahman Kashi & Huw Lloyd‐Ellis & Frederic Tremblay & Brett Crowley, 2022. "Quantifying the economic impacts of COVID‐19 policy responses on Canada's provinces in (almost) real time," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(S1), pages 406-445, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:55:y:2022:i:s1:p:406-445
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12567
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    Cited by:

    1. Yahong Zhang, 2022. "Unemployment Benefits and Wage Subsidies -- Effects of Labour Market Policies during a Pandemic," Working Papers 2203, University of Windsor, Department of Economics, revised Sep 2022.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • C67 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Input-Output Models
    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination

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