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Tariff reduction and employment in Canadian manufacturing

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  • Sébastien LaRochelle‐Côté

Abstract

. This paper uses firm‐level tax data to investigate whether the link between tariff changes and manufacturing employment differed across firms with various productivity and leverage characteristics over the period 1988–94. The results suggest that the effect of domestic tariff reductions on employment was typically small, but that losses were significantly larger for less productive firms. For instance, firms with average productivity in 1988 responded to domestic tariff changes by cutting employment by 11.3% over the period 1988–94, while lower‐productivity firms typically shed 20.8% of their workforce over the same period. This paper also indicates that firms with unhealthy balance sheets – those with relatively too much equity or too much leverage – downsized more in the face of declining domestic tariffs, suggesting that financial constraints became more binding when tariff cuts were implemented. These results suggest that firms with high productivity and better financial health were better positioned to face the challenge of trade liberalization. Cette étude utilise des données fiscales sur les entreprises afin d'examiner de quelle façon le lien entre les modifications tarifaires et l'emploi s'est manifesté parmi les entreprises affichant des caractéristiques de productivité et de levier financier différentes au cours de la période 1988 à 1994. Les résultats indiquent que l'impact de la baisse des tarifs canadiens sur l'emploi a été relativement faible, mais que les pertes d'emploi ont été plus importantes chez les entreprises moins productives. Par exemple, les entreprises à productivité moyenne ont réagi aux modifications tarifaires canadiennes en diminuant leurs effectifs de 11.3% entre 1988 et 1994, alors que les entreprises de plus faible productivité ont typiquement diminué leurs effectifs de 20.8% au cours de cette période. L'étude indique aussi que les entreprises en moins bonne santé financière – soit celles avec un levier financier élevé ou avec une proportion plus élevée de capitaux propres – ont davantage réduit leurs effectifs à la suite de la diminution des tarifs, ce qui démontre que les entreprises avec une situation financière difficile ont éprouvé de plus grandes difficultés au moment de la mise en application des réductions tarifaires. Ces résultats démontrent que les entreprises à productivitéélevée et en meilleure santé financière étaient en meilleure posture pour faire face à la réduction des barrières tarifaires.

Suggested Citation

  • Sébastien LaRochelle‐Côté, 2007. "Tariff reduction and employment in Canadian manufacturing," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(3), pages 843-860, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:40:y:2007:i:3:p:843-860
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.00433.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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