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Conflict‐Induced Displacement, Understanding the Causes of Flight

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  • Prakash Adhikari

Abstract

This study investigates circumstances that affect individuals’ decisions of whether or not to flee their homes during civilian conflicts. Building on the “choice‐centered” approach to studying forced migration, I test the argument that people make a decision to flee or stay even under highly dangerous circumstances. Using primary data collected through a public opinion survey in Nepal, I test a number of hypotheses regarding the impact of factors such as violence, economic opportunity, physical infrastructure or geographical terrain, and social networks on forced migration, providing an individual‐level test of the choice‐centered approach to studying forced migration. The empirical results are consistent with the major hypotheses developed in aggregate‐level studies and provide better insights into the factors that affect individual‐level behavior. Beyond conflict, there are a number of significant economic, social, physical, and political factors that affect individuals’ choice to flee.

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  • Prakash Adhikari, 2013. "Conflict‐Induced Displacement, Understanding the Causes of Flight," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(1), pages 82-89, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:amposc:v:57:y:2013:i:1:p:82-89
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00598.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Diego Esparza & Jessica Lucas & Enrique Martinez & James Meernik & Ignacio Molinero & Victoria Nevarez, 2020. "Movement of the people: Violence and internal displacement," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 23(3), pages 233-250, September.
    2. Vera Mironova & Loubna Mrie & Sam Whitt, 2020. "Commitment to Rebellion: Evidence from Syria," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 64(4), pages 614-639, April.
    3. Joop Adema & Cevat Giray Aksoy & Yvonne Giesing & Panu Poutvaara, 2023. "The Effect of Conflict on Ukrainian Refugees’ Return and Integration," CESifo Working Paper Series 10877, CESifo.
    4. Bandiera, Antonella, 2021. "Deliberate displacement during conflict: Evidence from Colombia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    5. Benjamin Fomba Kamga & Dieu Ne Dort Talla Fokam & Paul Ningaye, 2022. "Political instability and youths unemployment in sub‐Saharan Africa," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(3), pages 1850-1879, August.
    6. Gorrín, Jesús & Morales-Arilla, José & Ricca, Bernardo, 2023. "Export side effects of wars on organized crime: The case of Mexico," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    7. Maria Paula Saffon & Fabio Sánchez, 2019. "Historical grievances and war dynamics: Old land conflicts as a cause of current forced displacements in Colombia," Documentos CEDE 17320, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    8. Balcilar, Mehmet & Nugent, Jeffrey B., 2019. "The migration of fear: An analysis of migration choices of Syrian refugees," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 95-110.
    9. Xiao Hui Tai & Shikhar Mehra & Joshua E. Blumenstock, 2022. "Mobile phone data reveal the effects of violence on internal displacement in Afghanistan," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 6(5), pages 624-634, May.
    10. Crippa, Andrea & d'Agostino, Giorgio & Dunne, Paul & Pieroni, Luca, 2022. "Conflict as a Cause of Migration," MPRA Paper 112327, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Munir-Asen, Katrina, 2018. "(Re)negotiating refugee protection in Malaysia: implications for future policy in refugee management," IDOS Discussion Papers 29/2018, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
    12. Daniele, Gianmarco & Le Moglie, Marco & Masera, Federico, 2023. "Pains, guns and moves: The effect of the U.S. opioid epidemic on Mexican migration," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    13. Revkin, Mara Redlich & Ahram, Ariel I., 2020. "Perspectives on the rebel social contract: Exit, voice, and loyalty in the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    14. Fonner, Robert & Bohara, Alok K & Archambault, Stephen, 2018. "Migration Choices during Conflict in Nepal: Pull Forces and Landscape Interactions," International Journal of Development and Conflict, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, vol. 8(2), pages 46-61.
    15. Gary Uzonyi, 2014. "Unpacking the effects of genocide and politicide on forced migration," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 31(3), pages 225-243, July.
    16. Bove,Vincenzo & Di Salvatore,Jessica & Elia,Leandro, 2022. "What it Takes to Return : UN Peacekeeping and the Safe Return of Displaced People," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10102, The World Bank.
    17. Schaub, Max & Auer, Daniel, 2022. "Rebel Recruitment and Migration: Theory and Evidence From Southern Senegal," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue OnlineFir, pages 1-8.
    18. Kaplan,Oliver Ross, 2022. "Superstitions and Civilian Displacement : Evidence from the Colombian Conflict," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10023, The World Bank.
    19. Kuhnt, Jana, 2019. "Literature review: drivers of migration. Why do people leave their homes? Is there an easy answer? A structured overview of migratory determinants," IDOS Discussion Papers 9/2019, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
    20. Cunniffe, Emily & McCullough, Evie & Murphy, Keire & Quinn, Emma & Laurence, James & Rush, Kayla & McGinnity, Frances, 2022. "Explaining recent trends in international protection applications in Ireland," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number SUSTAT115, June.

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