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Economies of Traffic Density in the Deregulated Airline Industry

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  • Brueckner, Jan K
  • Spiller, Pablo T

Abstract

This article estimates a structural model of competition among hub-and-spoke airlines in order to measure the strength of economies of traffic density on individual route segments. We find that economies of density were strong during the sample period (fourth quarter 1985), stronger than previous estimates by Douglas Caves, Laurits Christensen, and Michael Tretheway derived from traditional cost-function methods. We also find that the airlines' competitive behavior was far from collusive in the markets under study (markets requiring a connection at a hub airport). Our structural model also provides plausible estimates of demand elasticities. We use our estimates to provide a cost-based rationale for the major changes in the structure of the industry following deregulation (for example, the increase in airport and industry-wide concentration, and the increase in competition at the city-pair market level) and to simulate the effects of a merger of airlines that share a hub. Copyright 1994 by the University of Chicago.

Suggested Citation

  • Brueckner, Jan K & Spiller, Pablo T, 1994. "Economies of Traffic Density in the Deregulated Airline Industry," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 37(2), pages 379-415, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jlawec:v:37:y:1994:i:2:p:379-415
    DOI: 10.1086/467318
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bittlingmayer, George, 1990. "Efficiency and entry in a simple airline network," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 245-257, June.
    2. Severin Borenstein, 1989. "Hubs and High Fares: Dominance and Market Power in the U.S. Airline Industry," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 20(3), pages 344-365, Autumn.
    3. Berry, Steven T, 1990. "Airport Presence as Product Differentiation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(2), pages 394-399, May.
    4. Bailey, Elizabeth E & Williams, Jeffrey R, 1988. "Sources of Economic Rent in the Deregulated Airline Industry," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 31(1), pages 173-202, April.
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