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Assessment of Water Availability and Consumption in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran—Using Remote Sensing and Geo-statistics

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  • L. Muthuwatta
  • Mobin-ud-Din Ahmad
  • M. Bos
  • T. Rientjes

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess water availability and consumption in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using secondary data and freely available satellite data. Precipitation was estimated using geo-statistical techniques while a Surface Energy Balance approach was selected for evapotranspiration estimation. The spatial distribution of actual evapotranspiration (ET a ) for the Karkheh Basin has been estimated by use of 19 cloud free Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, which cover a complete cropping year from November 2002 to October 2003. ET a estimates were compared to potential crop evapotranspiration (ET p ) estimates for two predominantly irrigated wheat areas in Upper and Lower Karkheh. Differences were found to be 12.5% and 11.7% respectively. Results of the ETa and precipitation estimates reveal that for the study period, the Karkheh Basin received 18,507 × 10 6 m 3 as precipitation while ET a is estimated at 16,680 × 10 6 m 3 . Estimated outflow from the basin for the study period only is 7.8% of the precipitation and indicates that water is a very scarce resource in the Karkheh basin. The basin has been divided in sub-basins to allow for more detailed analysis and results indicate that water balance closure at sub-basin scale ranges from 7.2% to 0.6% of the precipitation. This suggests that the water balance is sufficiently understood for policy and decision making. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

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  • L. Muthuwatta & Mobin-ud-Din Ahmad & M. Bos & T. Rientjes, 2010. "Assessment of Water Availability and Consumption in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran—Using Remote Sensing and Geo-statistics," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(3), pages 459-484, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:24:y:2010:i:3:p:459-484
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-009-9455-9
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    2. Mohamed Elhag & Aris Psilovikos & Ioannis Manakos & Kostas Perakis, 2011. "Application of the Sebs Water Balance Model in Estimating Daily Evapotranspiration and Evaporative Fraction from Remote Sensing Data Over the Nile Delta," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(11), pages 2731-2742, September.
    3. Awada, Hassan & Di Prima, Simone & Sirca, Costantino & Giadrossich, Filippo & Marras, Serena & Spano, Donatella & Pirastru, Mario, 2022. "A remote sensing and modeling integrated approach for constructing continuous time series of daily actual evapotranspiration," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    4. Jinjiao Lian & Mingbin Huang, 2015. "Evapotranspiration Estimation for an Oasis Area in the Heihe River Basin Using Landsat-8 Images and the METRIC Model," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(14), pages 5157-5170, November.
    5. Mobin-ud Ahmad & Mac Kirby & Mohammad Islam & Md. Hossain & Md. Islam, 2014. "Groundwater Use for Irrigation and its Productivity: Status and Opportunities for Crop Intensification for Food Security in Bangladesh," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(5), pages 1415-1429, March.
    6. Aris Psilovikos & Mohamed Elhag, 2013. "Forecasting of Remotely Sensed Daily Evapotranspiration Data Over Nile Delta Region, Egypt," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(12), pages 4115-4130, September.
    7. Muthuwatta, L.P. & Rientjes, T.H.M. & Bos, M.G., 2013. "Strategies to increase wheat production in the water scarce Karkheh River Basin, Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 1-10.
    8. Usman Awan & Bernhard Tischbein & Christopher Conrad & Christopher Martius & Mohsin Hafeez, 2011. "Remote Sensing and Hydrological Measurements for Irrigation Performance Assessments in a Water User Association in the Lower Amu Darya River Basin," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(10), pages 2467-2485, August.
    9. Xun-Gui Li & Xia Wei & Nai-Ang Wang & Hong-Yi Cheng, 2011. "Maximum Grade Approach to Surplus Floodwater of Hyperconcentration Rivers in Flood Season and its Application," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(10), pages 2575-2593, August.

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