IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/jglont/v12y2022i1d10.1007_s40497-022-00333-1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Role of religiosity, social factors, and perceived subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention: a study on tertiary level students

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammad Tahlil Azim

    (King Abdulaziz University)

  • Md. Mazharul Islam

    (King Abdulaziz University)

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the role of religiosity, perceived social norms, and social factors on the entrepreneurship intention of tertiary level students in Saudi Arabia. It envisions a research framework with the mediating role of personal attitude towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Data were collected from the students studying at universities in Saudi Arabia through an online questionnaire survey. A total of 429 usable responses were collected. PLS-SEM was used for data analysis. The result shows that the perceived subjective norm, social factors, and religiosity have no direct relationship with entrepreneurial intention. However, personal attitude towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial self-efficacy fully mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and perceived subjective norms, social factors, and religiosity. It implies that the family, mass media, government, educational institutes, and religious leaders can play a definitive part in ensuring the flow of entrepreneurs in a country, particularly in Saudi Arabia. The study contributes in two major ways. First, most of the studies based on TPB designed their research in line with three factors, namely, perceived social norm, personal attitude, and perceived behavioral control (self-efficacy) as the straightforward antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. But this study redesigns the model with the mediating role of personal attitude and self-efficacy. Second, even though religiosity is studied as a determinant of EI by a few studies, there is no such study in the context of Saudi Arabia, which is primarily a Muslim-dominated country, and religion plays an influential role in the social, political, and economic life of the people here. From this viewpoint, it is a pioneering research.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Tahlil Azim & Md. Mazharul Islam, 2022. "Role of religiosity, social factors, and perceived subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention: a study on tertiary level students," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 12(1), pages 341-356, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jglont:v:12:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1007_s40497-022-00333-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s40497-022-00333-1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40497-022-00333-1
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s40497-022-00333-1?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Florian B. Zapkau & Christian Schwens & Rüdiger Kabst, 2017. "The Role of Prior Entrepreneurial Exposure in the Entrepreneurial Process: A Review and Future Research Implications," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(1), pages 56-86, January.
    2. Wahibur Rokhman & Forbis Ahamed, 2015. "The Role of Social and Psychological Factors on Entrepreneurial Intention among Islamic College Students in Indonesia," Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship at the Cracow University of Economics., vol. 3(1), pages 29-42.
    3. Kolvereid, Lars & Isaksen, Espen, 2006. "New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 866-885, November.
    4. Wei Li, 2007. "Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Studying Chinese And Indian Students In The United States," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 12(04), pages 449-466.
    5. Michael Wyrwich & Michael Stuetzer & Rolf Sternberg, 2016. "Entrepreneurial role models, fear of failure, and institutional approval of entrepreneurship: a tale of two regions," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 467-492, March.
    6. Ana Tomovska Misoska & Makedonka Dimitrova & Jadranka Mrsik, 2016. "Drivers of entrepreneurial intentions among business students in Macedonia," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(1), pages 1062-1074, January.
    7. Lina Andersson & Mats Hammarstedt, 2011. "Transmission of self-employment across immigrant generations: the importance of ethnic background and gender," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 9(4), pages 555-577, December.
    8. Pryor, Frederic L., 2007. "The Economic Impact of Islam on Developing Countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 1815-1835, November.
    9. Mueller, Stephen L. & Thomas, Anisya S., 2001. "Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 51-75, January.
    10. Guiso, Luigi & Sapienza, Paola & Zingales, Luigi, 2003. "People's opium? Religion and economic attitudes," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 225-282, January.
    11. Berto Usman & Yennita, 2019. "Understanding the entrepreneurial intention among international students in Turkey," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 9(1), pages 1-21, December.
    12. Alain Fayolle & Benoît Gailly, 2008. "From craft to science : Teaching models and learning processes in entrepreneurship education," Post-Print hal-02311755, HAL.
    13. Cornelius A. Rietveld & Elco Van Burg, 2014. "Religious beliefs and entrepreneurship among Dutch protestants," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 23(3), pages 279-295.
    14. Jeff Vanevenhoven & Eric Liguori, 2013. "The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: Introducing the Entrepreneurship Education Project," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(3), pages 315-328, July.
    15. Edmund R. Thompson, 2009. "Individual Entrepreneurial Intent: Construct Clarification and Development of an Internationally Reliable Metric," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(3), pages 669-694, May.
    16. Deneulin, Séverine & Rakodi, Carole, 2011. "Revisiting Religion: Development Studies Thirty Years On," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 45-54, January.
    17. Rita Remeikiene & Daiva Dumciuviene & Grazina Startiene,, 2013. "Explaining Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students: The Role of Entrepreneurial Education," Active Citizenship by Knowledge Management & Innovation: Proceedings of the Management, Knowledge and Learning International Conference 2013,, ToKnowPress.
    18. Ana Laguía & Juan A. Moriano, 2021. "Perceived representation of entrepreneurship in the mass media and entrepreneurial intention," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 401-421, March.
    19. Francisco Liñán & Yi-Wen Chen, 2006. "Testing the Entrepreneurial Intention Model on a Two-Country Sample," Working Papers 0607, Departament Empresa, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, revised Jul 2006.
    20. Arezou Abbasianchavari & Alexandra Moritz, 2021. "The impact of role models on entrepreneurial intentions and behavior: a review of the literature," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 71(1), pages 1-40, February.
    21. Neil Churchill & William D. Bygrave, 1989. "The Entrepreneur ship Paradigm (I): A Philosophical Look at Its Research Methodologies," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 14(1), pages 7-26, October.
    22. KruegerJR, Norris F. & Reilly, Michael D. & Carsrud, Alan L., 2000. "Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 15(5-6), pages 411-432.
    23. Martin, Bruce C. & McNally, Jeffrey J. & Kay, Michael J., 2013. "Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 211-224.
    24. Nurdan Ozaralli & Nancy K. Rivenburgh, 2016. "Entrepreneurial intention: antecedents to entrepreneurial behavior in the U.S.A. and Turkey," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 6(1), pages 1-32, December.
    25. Lars Kolvereid, 1996. "Prediction of Employment Status Choice Intentions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 21(1), pages 47-58, October.
    26. William B. Gartner & Kelly G. Shaver & Elizabeth Gatewood & Jerome A. Katz, 1994. "Finding the Entrepreneur in Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 18(3), pages 5-9, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Christopher Schlaegel & Michael Koenig, 2014. "Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intent: A Meta–Analytic Test and Integration of Competing Models," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 38(2), pages 291-332, March.
    2. Antonio Rafael Ramos-Rodríguez & José Aurelio Medina-Garrido & José Ruiz-Navarro, 2019. "Why not now? Intended timing in entrepreneurial intentions," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 1221-1246, December.
    3. Martín-Navarro, Alicia & Velicia-Martín, Felix & Medina-Garrido, José Aurelio & Palos-Sánchez, Pedro R., 2023. "Impact of effectual propensity on entrepreneurial intention," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    4. Rohit H. Trivedi, 2017. "Entrepreneurial-intention constraint model: A comparative analysis among post-graduate management students in India, Singapore and Malaysia," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 1239-1261, December.
    5. Renata Dana NIÞU-ANTONIE & Emõke-Szidónia FEDER, 2017. "Entrepreneurial Intentions Amongst Students In Diverse Cultural Contexts," Business Excellence and Management, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 7(1), pages 14-27, March.
    6. Ben Youssef, Adel & Boubaker, Sabri & Dedaj, But & Carabregu-Vokshi, Mjellma, 2021. "Digitalization of the economy and entrepreneurship intention," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    7. Anca-Otilia Dodescu & Elena-Aurelia Botezat & Alexandru Constăngioară & Ioana-Crina Pop-Cohuţ, 2021. "A Partial Least-Square Mediation Analysis of the Contribution of Cross-Campus Entrepreneurship Education to Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-26, August.
    8. Brownell, Katrina M. & McMullen, Jeffery S. & O'Boyle, Ernest H., 2021. "Fatal attraction: A systematic review and research agenda of the dark triad in entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(3).
    9. Tesfaye Leta Tufa, 2021. "The effect of entrepreneurial intention and autonomy on self-employment: does technical and vocational educations and training institutions support matters?," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 11(1), pages 551-561, December.
    10. Tarek Ben Ali, 2017. "University and Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Investigation in the Tunisian Context," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 7(1), pages 76-84.
    11. Lizette Huezo-Ponce & Virginia Fernández-Pérez & Lázaro Rodríguez-Ariza, 2021. "Emotional competencies and entrepreneurship: modeling universities," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 1497-1519, September.
    12. Adnane MAALAOUI & Imen SAFRAOU & Judith PARTOUCHE & Celine Viala, 2019. "How Subjective Age Affects Entrepreneurship: The Effects of Rejuvenating Trend on Entrepreneurial Intention among Seniors," Working Papers 2019-002, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    13. Laffineur, Catherine & Dubard Barbosa, Saulo & Fayolle, Alain & Montmartin, Benjamin, 2020. "The unshackled entrepreneur: Occupational determinants of entrepreneurial effort," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(5).
    14. Aurora A. C. Teixeira & Rosa Portela Forte, 2017. "Prior education and entrepreneurial intentions: the differential impact of a wide range of fields of study," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 11(2), pages 353-394, March.
    15. Obinna C. Ojiaku & Anayo D. Nkamnebe & Ireneus C. Nwaizugbo, 2018. "Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among young graduates: perspectives of push-pull-mooring model," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 8(1), pages 1-17, December.
    16. Mohammad Naushad, 2018. "A study on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions among Saudi students," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 5(3), pages 600-617, March.
    17. Nematollah Shiri & Rachel S. Shinnar & Ali Asghar Mirakzadeh & Kiumars Zarafshani, 2017. "Cultural values and entrepreneurial intentions among agriculture students in Iran," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 1157-1179, December.
    18. Laura Padilla-Angulo & René Díaz-Pichardo & Antonio Luis Leal-Rodríguez, 2023. "Are different entrepreneurship-promotion activities equally effective? an analysis by academic year and gender," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 1-25, March.
    19. Mohd Yasir Arafat & Javed Ali & Amit Kumar Dwivedi & Imran Saleem, 2020. "Social and Cognitive Aspects of Women Entrepreneurs: Evidence from India," Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, , vol. 45(4), pages 223-239, December.
    20. Alessandro Arrighetti & Luca Caricati & Fabio Landini & Nadia Monacelli, 2013. "Explaining entrepreneurial orientation among university students: Evidence from italy," Working Papers 1301, c.MET-05 - Centro Interuniversitario di Economia Applicata alle Politiche per L'industria, lo Sviluppo locale e l'Internazionalizzazione.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Perceived subjective norm; Social factors; Religiosity; Entrepreneurial self-efficacy; Entrepreneurial intention; Saudi Arabia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M00 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - General - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:jglont:v:12:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1007_s40497-022-00333-1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.