IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/intemj/v14y2018i1d10.1007_s11365-017-0461-8.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in entrepreneurship and innovation research – the rise of a method

Author

Listed:
  • Sascha Kraus

    (University of Liechtenstein)

  • Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano

    (Universitat de València)

  • Miriam Schüssler

    (University of Liechtenstein)

Abstract

This article reviews and critically examines 77 journal articles published from 2005 to 2016 on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) applied in business and management research on the fields of entrepreneurship and innovation research. The findings reveal that the number of fsQCA applications has sharply increased during the past few years. Stemming from the systematic literature review, core aspects dealing with firm performance and innovation are identified. Ultimately, we provide promising areas with future potential for the application of fsQCA such as the elaboration of the antecedents leading to business model innovation.

Suggested Citation

  • Sascha Kraus & Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano & Miriam Schüssler, 2018. "Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in entrepreneurship and innovation research – the rise of a method," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 15-33, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:intemj:v:14:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1007_s11365-017-0461-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s11365-017-0461-8
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11365-017-0461-8
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11365-017-0461-8?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Beynon, Malcolm J. & Jones, Paul & Pickernell, David, 2016. "Country-based comparison analysis using fsQCA investigating entrepreneurial attitudes and activity," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1271-1276.
    2. Stokke, Olav Schram, 2007. "Qualitative comparative analysis, shaming, and international regime effectiveness," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 60(5), pages 501-511, May.
    3. Huang, Chieh-Wei & Huarng, Kun-Huang, 2015. "Evaluating the performance of biotechnology companies by causal recipes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(4), pages 851-856.
    4. Tho, Nguyen Dinh & Trang, Nguyen Thi Mai, 2015. "Can knowledge be transferred from business schools to business organizations through in-service training students? SEM and fsQCA findings," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(6), pages 1332-1340.
    5. Mozas-Moral, Adoración & Moral-Pajares, Encarnación & Medina-Viruel, Miguel Jesús & Bernal-Jurado, Enrique, 2016. "Manager's educational background and ICT use as antecedents of export decisions: A crisp set QCA analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1333-1335.
    6. Ott, Ursula F. & Kimura, Yuko, 2016. "A set-theoretic analysis of negotiations in Japanese MNEs: Opening up the black box," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1294-1300.
    7. Claude Rubinson, 2013. "Contradictions in fsQCA," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 47(5), pages 2847-2867, August.
    8. Garcia-Castro, Roberto & Aguilera, Ruth V., 2014. "Family involvement in business and financial performance: A set-theoretic cross-national inquiry," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 85-96.
    9. Cheng, Cheng-Feng & Chang, Man-Ling & Li, Chu-Shiu, 2013. "Configural paths to successful product innovation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(12), pages 2561-2573.
    10. Na Ni & Carolyn Egri & Carlos Lo & Carol Lin, 2015. "Patterns of Corporate Responsibility Practices for High Financial Performance: Evidence from Three Chinese Societies," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 126(2), pages 169-183, January.
    11. Donal Crilly, 2011. "Predicting stakeholder orientation in the multinational enterprise: A mid-range theory," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 42(5), pages 694-717, June.
    12. Wolfgang Mayrhofer, 2009. "Groping in the Dark? Recent Contributions to Progress in Interpretative Research – a Review," Zeitschrift fuer Personalforschung. German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, Rainer Hampp Verlag, vol. 23(2), pages 166-182.
    13. Aguilera-Caracuel, Javier & Fedriani, Eugenio M. & Delgado-Márquez, Blanca L., 2014. "Institutional distance among country influences and environmental performance standardization in multinational enterprises," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(11), pages 2385-2392.
    14. Johanna Gast & Matthias Filser & Katherine Gundolf & Sascha Kraus, 2015. "Coopetition research: towards a better understanding of past trends and future directions," Post-Print hal-02010684, HAL.
    15. Semrau, Thorsten & Ambos, Tina & Sascha Kraus,, 2016. "Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance across societal cultures: An international study," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(5), pages 1928-1932.
    16. Henik, Erika, 2015. "Understanding whistle-blowing: a set-theoretic approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 442-450.
    17. Ganter, Alois & Hecker, Achim, 2014. "Configurational paths to organizational innovation: qualitative comparative analyses of antecedents and contingencies," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(6), pages 1285-1292.
    18. Wu, Chih-Wen, 2015. "Antecedents of franchise strategy and performance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(7), pages 1581-1588.
    19. Gonçalves, Helena Martins & Lourenço, Tiago Ferreira & Silva, Graça Miranda, 2016. "Green buying behavior and the theory of consumption values: A fuzzy-set approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1484-1491.
    20. Muñoz, Pablo & Kibler, Ewald, 2016. "Institutional complexity and social entrepreneurship: A fuzzy-set approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1314-1318.
    21. Wu, Pei-Ling & Yeh, Shih-Shuo & Huan, Tzung-Cheng (.T.C.). & Woodside, Arch G., 2014. "Applying complexity theory to deepen service dominant logic: Configural analysis of customer experience-and-outcome assessments of professional services for personal transformations," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(8), pages 1647-1670.
    22. Thomas Denk & Sarah Lehtinen, 2014. "Contextual analyses with QCA-methods," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 48(6), pages 3475-3487, November.
    23. Garcia-Castro, Roberto & Casasola, Mª José, 2011. "A set-theoretic analysis of the components of family involvement in publicly listed and major unlisted firms," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 15-25, March.
    24. Leischnig, Alexander & Geigenmueller, Anja & Lohmann, Stefanie, 2014. "On the role of alliance management capability, organizational compatibility, and interaction quality in interorganizational technology transfer," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(6), pages 1049-1057.
    25. Sascha Kraus & Alexander Brem & Miriam Schuessler & Felix Schuessler & Thomas Niemand, 2019. "Innovative Born Globals: Investigating the Influence of Their Business Models on International Performance," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Alexander Brem & Joe Tidd & Tugrul Daim (ed.), Managing Innovation Internationalization of Innovation, chapter 11, pages 275-328, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    26. Kvist, Jon, 2007. "Fuzzy set ideal type analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 60(5), pages 474-481, May.
    27. Martin R Schneider & Conrad Schulze-Bentrop & Mihai Paunescu, 2010. "Mapping the institutional capital of high-tech firms: A fuzzy-set analysis of capitalist variety and export performance," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 41(2), pages 246-266, February.
    28. Kulins, Christopher & Leonardy, Hannes & Weber, Christiana, 2016. "A configurational approach in business model design," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1437-1441.
    29. Navarro, Susana & Llinares, Carmen & Garzon, Dolores, 2016. "Exploring the relationship between co-creation and satisfaction using QCA," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1336-1339.
    30. Marx, Axel & van Hootegem, Geert, 2007. "Comparative configurational case analysis of ergonomic injuries," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 60(5), pages 522-530, May.
    31. Ho, Hillbun (Dixon) & Lu, Ruichang, 2015. "Performance implications of marketing exploitation and exploration: Moderating role of supplier collaboration," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(5), pages 1026-1034.
    32. Coduras, Alicia & Clemente, José Antonio & Ruiz, Jesús, 2016. "A novel application of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to GEM data," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1265-1270.
    33. Dai, Chien-Yun & Huang, Duen-Huang, 2015. "Causal complexities to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial instruction," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(4), pages 894-899.
    34. Frambach, Ruud T. & Fiss, Peer C. & Ingenbleek, Paul T.M., 2016. "How important is customer orientation for firm performance? A fuzzy set analysis of orientations, strategies, and environments," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1428-1436.
    35. Andrea Prado & Arch Woodside, 2015. "Deepening Understanding of Certification Adoption and Non-Adoption of International-Supplier Ethical Standards," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 132(1), pages 105-125, November.
    36. Huarng, Kun-Huang, 2015. "Configural theory for ICT development," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(4), pages 748-756.
    37. Johanna Gast & Matthias Filser & Katherine Gundolf & Sascha Kraus, 2015. "Coopetition research: towards a better understanding of past trends and future directions," Post-Print hal-02945435, HAL.
    38. Hai, Do Phu & Roig-Dobón, Salvador & Sánchez-García, José Luis, 2016. "Innovative governance from public policy unities," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1524-1528.
    39. M F Shipley & M Johnson & L Pointer & N Yankov, 2013. "A fuzzy attractiveness of market entry (FAME) model for market selection decisions," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 64(4), pages 597-610, April.
    40. Ragin, Charles C., 2000. "Fuzzy-Set Social Science," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226702773, September.
    41. Leischnig, Alexander & Kasper-Brauer, Kati, 2016. "How to sell in diverse markets? A two-level approach to industry factors and selling factors for explaining firm profitability," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1307-1313.
    42. Huarng, Kun-Huang & Roig-Tierno, Norat, 2016. "Qualitative comparative analysis, crisp and fuzzy sets in knowledge and innovation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 5181-5186.
    43. González-Cruz, Tomás F. & Cruz-Ros, Sonia, 2016. "When does family involvement produce superior performance in SME family business?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1452-1457.
    44. Nair, Lakshmi Balachandran & Gibbert, Michael, 2016. "Analyzing inconsistent cases in Management fsQCA studies: A methodological manifesto," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1464-1470.
    45. Schneider, Martin R. & Eggert, Andreas, 2014. "Embracing complex causality with the QCA method: An invitation," jbm - Journal of Business Market Management, Free University Berlin, Marketing Department, vol. 7(1), pages 312-328.
    46. Gerard George & Adam J. Bock, 2011. "The Business Model in Practice and its Implications for Entrepreneurship Research," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(1), pages 83-111, January.
    47. Kraus, Sascha & Mensching, Helge & Calabrò, Andrea & Cheng, Cheng-Feng & Filser, Matthias, 2016. "Family firm internationalization: A configurational approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 5473-5478.
    48. Covin, Jeffrey G. & Eggers, Fabian & Kraus, Sascha & Cheng, Cheng-Feng & Chang, Man-Ling, 2016. "Marketing-related resources and radical innovativeness in family and non-family firms: A configurational approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(12), pages 5620-5627.
    49. Jenson, Ian & Leith, Peat & Doyle, Richard & West, Jonathan & Miles, Morgan P., 2016. "Testing innovation systems theory using Qualitative Comparative Analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1283-1287.
    50. Domenech, Josep & Escamilla, Rafael & Roig-Tierno, Norat, 2016. "Explaining knowledge-intensive activities from a regional perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1301-1306.
    51. Chang, Man-Ling & Cheng, Cheng-Feng, 2014. "How balance theory explains high-tech professionals' solutions of enhancing job satisfaction," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(9), pages 2008-2018.
    52. Johanna Gast & Matthias Filser & Katherine Gundolf & Sascha Kraus, 2015. "Coopetition research: towards a better understanding of past trends and future directions," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 24(4), pages 492-521.
    53. J.P. Coen Rigtering & Sascha Kraus & Fabian Eggers & Søren H. Jensen, 2014. "A comparative analysis of the entrepreneurial orientation/growth relationship in service firms and manufacturing firms," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(4), pages 275-294, February.
    54. Mas-Verdú, Francisco & Ribeiro-Soriano, Domingo & Roig-Tierno, Norat, 2015. "Firm survival: The role of incubators and business characteristics," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(4), pages 793-796.
    55. Leischnig, Alexander & Kasper-Brauer, Kati, 2015. "Employee Adaptive Behavior in Service Enactments," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 273-280.
    56. Wang, David Han-Min & Yu, Tiffany Hui-Kuang & Chiang, Chia-Hsin, 2016. "Exploring the value relevance of corporate reputation: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1329-1332.
    57. Ragin, Charles C., 2006. "Set Relations in Social Research: Evaluating Their Consistency and Coverage," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 14(3), pages 291-310, July.
    58. Woodside, Arch G., 2014. "Embrace•perform•model: Complexity theory, contrarian case analysis, and multiple realities," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(12), pages 2495-2503.
    59. Kuckertz, Andreas & Berger, Elisabeth S.C. & Mpeqa, Andrew, 2016. "The more the merrier? Economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1288-1293.
    60. Ricarda Bouncken & Boris Plüschke & Robin Pesch & Sascha Kraus, 2016. "Entrepreneurial orientation in vertical alliances: joint product innovation and learning from allies," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 10(2), pages 381-409, March.
    61. Lisboa, Ana & Skarmeas, Dionysis & Saridakis, Charalampos, 2016. "Entrepreneurial orientation pathways to performance: A fuzzy-set analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1319-1324.
    62. Tóth, Zsófia & Thiesbrummel, Christoph & Henneberg, Stephan C. & Naudé, Peter, 2015. "Understanding configurations of relational attractiveness of the customer firm using fuzzy set QCA," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 723-734.
    63. Chaparro-Peláez, Julián & Agudo-Peregrina, Ángel F. & Pascual-Miguel, Félix J., 2016. "Conjoint analysis of drivers and inhibitors of e-commerce adoption," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1277-1282.
    64. Alberto Onetti & Antonella Zucchella & Marian Jones & Patricia McDougall-Covin, 2012. "Internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship: business models for new technology-based firms," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 16(3), pages 337-368, August.
    65. Yen Shang-Yung & Fan Song-Ching, 2014. "An Exploration on the Business Model of Social Enterprises Owned By Chinese Entrepreneurs in Taiwan," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 4(10), pages 1275-1289.
    66. Ospina-Delgado, Julieth & Zorio-Grima, Ana, 2016. "Innovation at universities: A fuzzy-set approach for MOOC-intensiveness," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1325-1328.
    67. Skarmeas, Dionysis & Leonidou, Constantinos N. & Saridakis, Charalampos, 2014. "Examining the role of CSR skepticism using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(9), pages 1796-1805.
    68. repec:ucp:bkecon:9780226702766 is not listed on IDEAS
    69. Omar A. El Sawy & Arvind Malhotra & YoungKi Park & Paul A. Pavlou, 2010. "Research Commentary ---Seeking the Configurations of Digital Ecodynamics: It Takes Three to Tango," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 21(4), pages 835-848, December.
    70. Johanna Mair & Julie Battilana & Julian Cardenas, 2012. "Organizing for Society: A Typology of Social Entrepreneuring Models," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 111(3), pages 353-373, December.
    71. Stanko, Michael A. & Olleros, Xavier, 2013. "Industry growth and the knowledge spillover regime: Does outsourcing harm innovativeness but help profit?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(10), pages 2007-2016.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wagemann, Claudius & Buche, Jonas & Siewert, Markus B., 2016. "QCA and business research: Work in progress or a consolidated agenda?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(7), pages 2531-2540.
    2. Fotiadis, Anestis, 2018. "Modelling wedding marketing strategies: An fsQCA Analysis," MPRA Paper 88249, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Vizcaíno, Marcos & Chousa, Juan P., 2016. "Analyzing the influence of the funds' support on Tobin's q using SEM and fsQCA," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 2118-2124.
    4. Ren, Shengce & Tsai, Huei-Ting & Eisingerich, Andreas B., 2016. "Case-based asymmetric modeling of firms with high versus low outcomes in implementing changes in direction," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 500-507.
    5. Skarmeas, Dionysis & Leonidou, Constantinos N. & Saridakis, Charalampos, 2014. "Examining the role of CSR skepticism using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(9), pages 1796-1805.
    6. Dul, Jan, 2016. "Identifying single necessary conditions with NCA and fsQCA," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1516-1523.
    7. Drăgan, George Bogdan & Ben Arfi, Wissal & Tiberius, Victor & Ammari, Aymen, 2023. "Gravitating exogenous shocks to the next normal through entrepreneurial coopetive interactions: A PLS-SEM and fsQCA approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    8. Kumar, Satish & Sahoo, Saumyaranjan & Lim, Weng Marc & Kraus, Sascha & Bamel, Umesh, 2022. "Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in business and management research: A contemporary overview," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    9. Leischnig, Alexander & Henneberg, Stephan C. & Thornton, Sabrina C., 2016. "Net versus combinatory effects of firm and industry antecedents of sales growth," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(9), pages 3576-3583.
    10. Bouwman, Harry & Nikou, Shahrokh & de Reuver, Mark, 2019. "Digitalization, business models, and SMEs: How do business model innovation practices improve performance of digitalizing SMEs?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(9).
    11. Jorge Velilla & Raquel Ortega, 2017. "Determinants of entrepreneurship using fuzzy set methods: Europe vs. non-Europe," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(18), pages 1320-1326, October.
    12. Seny Kan, Anderson Konan & Adegbite, Emmanuel & El Omari, Sami & Abdellatif, Mahamat, 2016. "On the use of qualitative comparative analysis in management," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1458-1463.
    13. Kraus, Sascha & Kallmuenzer, Andreas & Stieger, Daniel & Peters, Mike & Calabrò, Andrea, 2018. "Entrepreneurial paths to family firm performance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 382-387.
    14. Deng, Wei & Liang, Qiao Zhuan & Fan, Pei Hua, 2019. "Complements or substitutes? Configurational effects of entrepreneurial activities and institutional frameworks on social well-being," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 194-205.
    15. Leischnig, Alexander & Kasper-Brauer, Kati, 2016. "How to sell in diverse markets? A two-level approach to industry factors and selling factors for explaining firm profitability," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1307-1313.
    16. Consolación Adame-Sánchez & Eva-María Caplliure & María-José Miquel-Romero, 2018. "Paving the way for coopetition: drivers for work–life balance policy implementation," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 519-533, March.
    17. Torres, Pedro & Augusto, Mário & Godinho, Pedro, 2017. "Predicting high consumer-brand identification and high repurchase: Necessary and sufficient conditions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 52-65.
    18. Sheng, Margaret L. & Chien, Iting, 2016. "Rethinking organizational learning orientation on radical and incremental innovation in high-tech firms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 2302-2308.
    19. Paulo Lopes Henriques & Carla Curado & Mírian Oliveira & Antônio Carlos Gastaud Maçada, 2019. "Publishing? You can count on knowledge, experience, and expectations," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 1301-1324, May.
    20. Velilla, Jorge & Molina, José Alberto & Ortega, Raquel, 2020. "Entrepreneurship among Low-, Mid- and High-Income Workers in South America: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis," IZA Discussion Papers 13209, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:intemj:v:14:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1007_s11365-017-0461-8. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.