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Environmental governance strategies in a two-echelon supply chain with tax and subsidy interactions

Author

Listed:
  • Yongjian Li

    (Nankai University)

  • Qianzhou Deng

    (Nankai University)

  • Chi Zhou

    (Tianjin University of Technology)

  • Lipan Feng

    (Nankai University)

Abstract

Environmental impact is one of the major causes of tax and subsidy interactions between the government and firms. The government sets the tax of the upstream impact and designs the subsidy threshold value to promote the green effort of firms. This paper presents the optimal decision of the supply chain and the effective environmental governance strategy of the government. A Stackelberg game between the government and a two-echelon supply chain is constructed, where a supplier makes core parts for a manufacturer. First, we compared the effects of subsidy on the pricing decisions of firms and identified the profitable condition of the green effort of manufacturers. Results corroborate that a negotiated space for suppliers and manufacturers exists to reduce the environmental impact from the source, especially when the tax legislation is strict. Second, we obtained the optimal upstream contract of environmental impact in supply chains, which appears a phenomenon of the Matthew effect under any type of governance strategies. This finding affirms that subsidies make supply chains inclined to choose a greener upstream decision. The condition when subsidies make sense by effective environment improvement in the supply phase was further derived. Finally, with tax and subsidy governance strategies, the multi-perspective social welfare was simulated and analyzed. Accordingly, we verified that the growth boundary of the supply-chain profit with high subsidy threshold is better than that of the social welfare or the environment performance. It implies that setting the green subsidy standard originally high is a comprehensively sustainable choice for social welfare. In addition, the simulations of three tax structures were analyzed in extensions.

Suggested Citation

  • Yongjian Li & Qianzhou Deng & Chi Zhou & Lipan Feng, 2020. "Environmental governance strategies in a two-echelon supply chain with tax and subsidy interactions," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 290(1), pages 439-462, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:annopr:v:290:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s10479-018-2975-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10479-018-2975-z
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    2. Saeed Solaymani, 2021. "Energy subsidy reform evaluation research – reviews in Iran," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 11(3), pages 520-538, June.
    3. Yuanfeng Hu & Yixiang Tian & Luping Zhang, 2023. "Green Bond Pricing and Optimization Based on Carbon Emission Trading and Subsidies: From the Perspective of Externalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Wang, Moran & Li, Xuerong & Wang, Shouyang, 2021. "Discovering research trends and opportunities of green finance and energy policy: A data-driven scientometric analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
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    8. Changhua Liao & Qihui Lu & Ying Shui, 2022. "Governmental Anti-Pandemic and Subsidy Strategies for Blockchain-Enabled Food Supply Chains in the Post-Pandemic Era," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, August.
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    10. Sadia Samar Ali & Rajbir Kaur & D. Jinil Persis & Raiswa Saha & Murugan Pattusamy & V. Raja Sreedharan, 2023. "Developing a hybrid evaluation approach for the low carbon performance on sustainable manufacturing environment," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 324(1), pages 249-281, May.
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    12. Li, Zhengda & Zheng, Chengxin & Liu, Aimin & Yang, Yang & Yuan, Xiaoling, 2022. "Environmental taxes, green subsidies, and cleaner production willingness: Evidence from China's publicly traded companies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
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