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Asymetryczny wpływ zmian kursu walutowego na gospodarkę Polski

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  • Piotr Karp

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest analiza odmienności reakcji gospodarki Polski w zależności od zmian kursu walutowego wywołujących aprecjację lub deprecjację złotego względem euro. Cechą charakterystyczną gospodarek otwartych o małej i średniej wielkości, do których zalicza się również Polska, jest duża wrażliwość na oddziaływanie wielu egzogenicznych szoku. Wahania kursu walutowego są impulsami, które silnie oddziałują na wymianę zagraniczną, poziom cen i funkcjonowanie całego systemu ekonomicznego. Ze względu na złożoność relacji miedzy zmiennymi ekonomicznymi, przeprowadzenie właściwych analiz symulacyjnych możliwe jest jedynie na kompletnym modelu makroekonometrycznym. W tej roli wykorzystany został miesięczny model WM-1, który w swej strukturze zawiera również asymetryczne równania postaci TECM. W dwóch symulacjach przyjęto założenie o utrzymujących się przez trzy miesiące egzogenicznych symetrycznych szokach wpływających bezpośrednio na aprecjację i deprecjację kursu walutowego. Wprowadzone zaburzenia powodują uruchomienie mnożnika kursowego i w konsekwencji reakcję wszystkich zmiennych makroekonomicznych. W zależności od kierunku impulsu reakcja systemu ma charakter asymetryczny, zarówno pod względem siły reakcji, jak i szybkości powrotu do rozwiązania bazowego. Wyniki analiz symulacyjnych wskazują na silniejszą reakcję powodowaną aprecjacją złotego niż deprecjacją. Wprowadzone zaburzenie płynące bezpośrednio ze sfery nominalnej pobudza także zmiany procesów produkcji, inwestycji i zatrudnienia, a więc całej sfery realnej, i utrzymują się przez okres znacznie dłuższy niż okres oddziaływania samego impulsu.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr Karp, 2015. "Asymetryczny wpływ zmian kursu walutowego na gospodarkę Polski," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 6, pages 29-49.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2015:i:6:p:29-49
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aleksander Welfe & Piotr Karp, 2017. "Makroekonometryczny miesięczny model gospodarki Polski WM-1," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 4, pages 5-38.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    kurs walutowy; progowe modele korekty błędem; asymetryczność reakcji; analizy symulacyjne;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange

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