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Czy rozwijać energetykę jądrową w Polsce?

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  • Andrzej T. Szablewski

Abstract

Przedstawiony artykuł jest głosem w dyskusji na temat celowości rozwijania w Polsce energetyki jądrowej. Zaprezentowano w nim krytyczne spojrzenie na dotychczasowe podejście kręgów rządowych do rachunku opłacalności tego rodzaju energetyki, w którym po pierwsze, pomija, albo przynajmniej nie docenia się konsekwencji, jakie dla tego rachunku ma liberalizacja sektora elektroenergetycznego, po drugie, mimo szybko rosnących w rzeczywistości kosztów budowy wielkoskalowych elektrowni jądrowych ciągle przyjmuje się założenie, że będą one systematycznie maleć oraz po trzecie, nie uwzględnia się, bądź bagatelizuje znaczenie różnego rodzaju ryzyka, które w ostatnich latach zaczyna narastać. Oznacza to potrzebę przeniesienia punktu ciężkości w rachunku opłacalności z pytania, jaki będzie przyszły koszt wytwarzania energii elektrycznej w elektrowniach jądrowych na pytania o: a) rozmiar nakładów na ich budowę, b) czy i po jakim koszcie uda się sfinansować ich budowę, w sytuacji, gdy stale rośnie stopień niepewności, co do stopnia przyszłej konkurencyjności kosztowej wielkoskalowej energetyki jądrowej w stosunku do innych technologii wytwarzania elektrycznej i c) czy w związku z tym ich budowa będzie w interesie gospodarstw domowych i będzie sprzyjać konkurencyjności gospodarki. Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest identyfikacja – na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu – głównych źródeł ryzyka budowy nowych elektrowni jądrowych po to, aby uzasadnić tezę, że stale rosnący rozmiar tego ryzyka podważa ekonomiczny sens ich budowy w krajach, które weszły na drogę rynkowej transformacji sektorów elektroenergetycznych. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza tych krajów, które – tak jak Polska – zamierzają dopiero wejść na drogę rozwoju tego rodzaju energetyki.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrzej T. Szablewski, 2015. "Czy rozwijać energetykę jądrową w Polsce?," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 27-54.
    • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2015:i:1:p:27-54
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    energetyka jądrowa; liberalizacja energetyki; ryzyko budowy nowych elektrowni jądrowych; nowe technologie;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D24 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • L52 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods

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