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Dylematy decentralizacji we współczesnym świecie

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  • Grzegorz Bywalec

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i ocena uwarunkowań oraz efektów reform decentralizacyjnych przeprowadzanych w ostatnich dekadach w większości krajów świata. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na rolę decentralizacji w kształtowaniu się takich zjawisk jak ubóstwo, korupcja, demokracja lokalna, konkurencyjność i innowacyjność gospodarek lokalnych/regionalnych oraz wzrost gospodarczy kraju. Podstawą analizy są publikowane w światowej literaturze wyniki badań empirycznych oraz studia teoretyczne a także osobiste doświadczenia autora z badań nad decentralizacją Indii. Analiza wskazuje, że decentralizacja nie jest uniwersalnym remedium na przyspieszenie rozwoju gospodarczego oraz społeczno-kulturowego kraju. Reformy decentralizacyjne mogą przynosić odmienne rezultaty w różnych państwach, a zależne jest to od sposobu ich wdrażania, a także licznych – krajowych, regionalnych i lokalnych – uwarunkowań gospodarczych, politycznych, społecznych, demograficznych, kulturowych, religijnych itp. Nie ma jednego, uniwersalnego modelu decentralizacji, który można by zastosować w każdym kraju i w dowolnym czasie. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że niski stopień decentralizacji działa zazwyczaj hamująco na rozwój gospodarczy i społeczny kraju. Jednakże nieracjonalną może być także nadmierna, tzn. zbyt szeroka i głęboka decentralizacja. Mogą wystąpić również takie sytuacje, kiedy nie powinno się podejmować reform decentralizacyjnych, gdyż przyniosłyby one państwu więcej szkody niż pożytku. Konkretny model decentralizacji, procedury oraz czas jej wdrażania winny być zawsze wnikliwie rozważane i dostosowane do istniejących w państwie i jego otoczeniu uwarunkowań gospodarczych, społecznych, politycznych i kulturowych.

Suggested Citation

  • Grzegorz Bywalec, 2012. "Dylematy decentralizacji we współczesnym świecie," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 11-12, pages 123-145.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2012:i:11-12:p:123-145
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    decentralizacja; determinanty decentralizacji; efekty decentralizacji; demo- kracja lokalna; ubóstwo; korupcja; rozwój lokalny i regionalny; konkurencyjność; rozwój społeczny; wzrost gospodarczy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F63 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Economic Development
    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
    • P43 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Finance; Public Finance
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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