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Spatiotemporal Dimensions of Modal Accessibility Disparity in Boston and San Francisco

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  • Mizuki Kawabata

    (Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa-shi Chiba, 277-8568, Japan)

Abstract

The disparity of accessibility between cars and public transit provides important information about the degree of auto orientation in urban spatial structure. Using spatial data from 1990 and 2000 and a geographical information system, the present study examined the degrees and spatial variations of accessibility disparity between commuting by car and public transit as well as the temporal changes in this disparity in the metropolitan areas of Boston and San Francisco. In both metropolitan areas there was a considerable disparity in job accessibility in a comparison between users of cars and public transit, which turned out to differ substantially by location. Between 1990 and 2000 regional levels of this accessibility disparity lessened in the two metropolitan areas, but the temporal changes in the accessibility disparity varied considerably among different locations within the metropolitan areas. The accessibility disparity decreased in the majority of central areas and in a number of suburban zones near rail stations, whereas the accessibility disparity increased in a number of suburban zones near major highways. Improving accessibility for public transit, relative to that for cars, should be a key strategy for redressing auto-orientation urban spatial structure, an important objective of sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Mizuki Kawabata, 2009. "Spatiotemporal Dimensions of Modal Accessibility Disparity in Boston and San Francisco," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 41(1), pages 183-198, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:41:y:2009:i:1:p:183-198
    DOI: 10.1068/a4068
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    7. Mohíno, Inmaculada & Ureña, José M. & Solís, Eloy, 2016. "Transport infrastructure and territorial cohesion in rural metro-adjacent regions: A multimodal accessibility approach. The case of Castilla-La Mancha in the context of Madrid (Spain)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 115-133.
    8. Salonen, Maria & Toivonen, Tuuli, 2013. "Modelling travel time in urban networks: comparable measures for private car and public transport," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 143-153.
    9. Welch, Timothy F. & Mishra, Sabyasachee, 2013. "A measure of equity for public transit connectivity," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 29-41.
    10. David S. Vale & Fernando Ascensão & Nuno Raposo & António Pedro Figueiredo, 2017. "Comparing access for all: disability-induced accessibility disparity in Lisbon," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 43-64, January.
    11. Andrew Schouten, 2022. "Residential relocations and changes in vehicle ownership," Transportation, Springer, vol. 49(1), pages 89-113, February.
    12. Maharjan, Sanju & Tilahun, Nebiyou & Ermagun, Alireza, 2022. "Spatial equity of modal access gap to multiple destination types across Chicago," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    13. Martínez Sánchez-Mateos, Héctor S. & Sanz, Inmaculada Mohíno & Francés, José Mª Ureña & Trapero, Eloy Solís, 2014. "Road accessibility and articulation of metropolitan spatial structures: the case of Madrid (Spain)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 61-73.
    14. Sune Djurhuus & Henning Sten Hansen & Mette Aadahl & Charlotte Glümer, 2016. "Building a multimodal network and determining individual accessibility by public transportation," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 43(1), pages 210-227, January.
    15. Miwa Matsuo & Hiroyuki Iseki, 2020. "Giving up Job Search Because I Don't Have a Car: Labor Market Participation and Employment Status Among Single Mothers With and Without Cars," Discussion Paper Series DP2020-07, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.
    16. Golub, Aaron & Martens, Karel, 2014. "Using principles of justice to assess the modal equity of regional transportation plans," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 10-20.
    17. Yang, Wenyue & Chen, Bi Yu & Cao, Xiaoshu & Li, Tao & Li, Peng, 2017. "The spatial characteristics and influencing factors of modal accessibility gaps: A case study for Guangzhou, China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 21-32.
    18. Sun, Zhe & Zacharias, John, 2020. "Transport equity as relative accessibility in a megacity: Beijing," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 8-19.
    19. Boarnet, Marlon G. & Giuliano, Genevieve & Hou, Yuting & Shin, Eun Jin, 2017. "First/last mile transit access as an equity planning issue," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 296-310.
    20. Haitao Su & Menghan Li & Xiaofeng Zhong & Kai Zhang & Jingkai Wang, 2023. "Estimating Public Transportation Accessibility in Metropolitan Areas: A Case Study and Comparative Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-22, August.
    21. Sohee Lee & Tsutomu Suzuki, 2016. "A scenario approach to the evaluation of sustainable urban structure for reducing carbon dioxide emissions in Seoul," International Journal of Urban Sciences, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(1), pages 30-48, March.
    22. Fayyaz, S. Kiavash & Liu, Xiaoyue Cathy & Porter, Richard J., 2017. "Dynamic transit accessibility and transit gap causality analysis," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 27-39.
    23. Moniruzzaman, Md & Páez, Antonio, 2012. "Accessibility to transit, by transit, and mode share: application of a logistic model with spatial filters," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 198-205.
    24. Merlin, Louis A. & Hu, Lingqian, 2017. "Does competition matter in measures of job accessibility? Explaining employment in Los Angeles," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 77-88.

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