IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/ecoint/0910.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Portfolio Diversification Benefits between Financial Markets of the US and China: Empirical Evidence from two Alternative Methods

Author

Listed:
  • Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser

    (Department of Accounting and Finance, UAE University, United Arab Emirates)

  • Taha, Viyan

    (Department of Finance and Banking, Duhok University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq)

Abstract

This article investigates empirically whether or not there are benefits from international portfolio diversification between financial markets of the US and China. In addition to the seminal approach of Markowitz (1952) that yields the optimal budget shares for minimizing the risk, we also make use of the new approach developed by Hatemi-J and El-Khatib (2015) that provides the optimal weights by maximizing the risk adjusted return of the underlying portfolio. In both cases, it is found that the investors can reduce the unsystematic risk of their portfolio by international diversification with respect to these two largest financial markets in the world. The risk adjusted return of the portfolio that combines risk and return is higher compared to the risk adjusted return of the portfolio created by the standard approach. Furthermore, it is found that the highest budget share in the optimal portfolio belongs to the US market regardless of the estimation method. I benefici della diversificazione del portafoglio tra i mercati finanziari di USA e Cina: evidenze empiriche da due metodi alternativi Questo articolo analizza empiricamente se la diversificazione internazionale del portafoglio tra i mercati finanziari di USA e Cina porta a dei benefici. Oltre all’approccio miliare di Markowitz (1952) che fornisce le quote ottimali del portafoglio che minimizzano il rischio, utilizziamo anche il nuovo modello sviluppato da Hatemi-J e El-Khatib (2015) che calcola i pesi ottimali massimizzando il rendimento, corretto per il rischio, del portafoglio considerato. In entrambi i casi si è riscontrato che gli investitori possono ridurre il rischio non-sistematico del portafoglio tramite la diversificazione internazionale in riferimento ai due maggiori mercati finanziari mondiali. Il rendimento risk-adjusted del portafoglio che combina il rischio e il rendimento è più alto di quello del portafoglio creato tramite l’approccio standard. Inoltre, viene evidenziato che le maggiori quote nel portafoglio ottimale appartengono al mercato americano indipendentemente dal metodo usato.

Suggested Citation

  • Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser & Taha, Viyan, 2021. "Portfolio Diversification Benefits between Financial Markets of the US and China: Empirical Evidence from two Alternative Methods," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 74(4), pages 537-546.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0910
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://iei1946.it/upload/rivista_articoli/allegati/428_hatemi-jtaharicfinal.pdf
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. De Santis, Giorgio & Gerard, Bruno, 1997. "International Asset Pricing and Portfolio Diversification with Time-Varying Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(5), pages 1881-1912, December.
    2. Haavisto, Tarmo & Hansson, Bjorn, 1992. " Risk Reduction by Diversification in the Nordic Stock Markets," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 94(4), pages 581-588.
    3. Imad A. Moosa & George B. Tawadros & Terry A. Hallahan, 2015. "The effectiveness of international diversification: whole markets versus sectors," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(6), pages 614-622, February.
    4. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser & Hajji, Mohamed Ali & El-Khatib, Youssef, 2022. "Exact solution for the portfolio diversification problem based on maximizing the risk adjusted return," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    5. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser & Roca, Eduardo, 2006. "A re-examination of international portfolio diversification based on evidence from leveraged bootstrap methods," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 23(6), pages 993-1007, December.
    6. Klein, Roger W. & Bawa, Vijay S., 1977. "Abstract: The Effect of Limited Information and Estimation Risk on Optimal Portfolio Diversification," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 12(4), pages 669-669, November.
    7. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser, 2020. "Asymmetric Panel Causality Tests with an Application to the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Performance in Scandinavia," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 73(3), pages 389-404.
    8. Abdulnasser Hatemi-J, 2012. "Asymmetric causality tests with an application," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 447-456, August.
    9. Jorion, Philippe, 1985. "International Portfolio Diversification with Estimation Risk," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 58(3), pages 259-278, July.
    10. Harry Markowitz, 1952. "Portfolio Selection," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 7(1), pages 77-91, March.
    11. Abdulnasser Hatemi-J & Alan Mustafa, 2020. "PDBVRAR: GAUSS module to Construct Portfolios via the Maximization of the Risk Adjusted Return," Statistical Software Components G00017, Boston College Department of Economics.
    12. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser & El-Khatib, Youssef, 2015. "Portfolio selection: An alternative approach," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 141-143.
    13. William F. Sharpe, 1964. "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 19(3), pages 425-442, September.
    14. Shawky, Hany A. & Kuenzel, Rolf & Mikhail, Azmi D., 1997. "International portfolio diversification: a synthesis and an update," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 303-327, December.
    15. Klein, Roger W. & Bawa, Vijay S., 1977. "The effect of limited information and estimation risk on optimal portfolio diversification," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 89-111, August.
    16. Aase, Knut Kristian, 1984. "Optimum portfolio diversification in a general continuous-time model," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 81-98, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser & El-Khatib, Youssef, 2023. "The Dividend Discount Model with Multiple Growth Rates of any Order for Stock Evaluation," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 76(1), pages 135-146.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser & Hajji, Mohamed Ali & El-Khatib, Youssef, 2022. "Exact solution for the portfolio diversification problem based on maximizing the risk adjusted return," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    2. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser & El-Khatib, Youssef, 2015. "Portfolio selection: An alternative approach," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 141-143.
    3. Frankfurter, George M. & Phillips, Herbert E., 1996. "Normative implications of equilibrium models: Homogeneous expectations and other artificialities," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 67-83, October.
    4. Allen, D.E. & McAleer, M.J. & Powell, R.J. & Singh, A.K., 2015. "Down-side Risk Metrics as Portfolio Diversification Strategies across the GFC," Econometric Institute Research Papers EI2015-32, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute.
    5. Sergio H. Lence & Dermot J. Hayes, 1994. "The Empirical Minimum-Variance Hedge," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 76(1), pages 94-104.
    6. Rizwan Mushtaq & Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah, 2014. "International Portfolio Diversification: United States and South Asian Equity Markets," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 61(2), pages 241-252, March.
    7. Anton Astakhov & Tomas Havranek & Jiri Novak, 2019. "Firm Size And Stock Returns: A Quantitative Survey," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(5), pages 1463-1492, December.
    8. Adnen Ben Nasr & Juncal Cunado & Rıza Demirer & Rangan Gupta, 2018. "Country Risk Ratings and Stock Market Returns in Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRICS) Countries: A Nonlinear Dynamic Approach," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-22, September.
    9. David E. Allen & Michael McAleer & Robert J. Powell & Abhay K. Singh, 2014. "European Market Portfolio Diversifcation Strategies across the GFC," Working Papers in Economics 14/25, University of Canterbury, Department of Economics and Finance.
    10. Meyer, Thomas O. & Rose, Lawrence C., 2003. "The persistence of international diversification benefits before and during the Asian crisis," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 217-242, July.
    11. Leung, Pui-Lam & Ng, Hon-Yip & Wong, Wing-Keung, 2012. "An improved estimation to make Markowitz’s portfolio optimization theory users friendly and estimation accurate with application on the US stock market investment," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 222(1), pages 85-95.
    12. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser & Roca, Eduardo, 2006. "A re-examination of international portfolio diversification based on evidence from leveraged bootstrap methods," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 23(6), pages 993-1007, December.
    13. George M. Frankfurter & Christopher G. Lamoureux, 1989. "Estimation And Selection Bias In Mean-Variance Portfolio Selection," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 12(2), pages 173-181, June.
    14. Celso Brunetti & Jeffrey H. Harris & Shawn Mankad, 2018. "Bank Holdings and Systemic Risk," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2018-063, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    15. Giofré, Maela, 2017. "Financial education, investor protection and international portfolio diversification," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 111-139.
    16. David E. Allen & Michael McAleer & Shelton Peiris & Abhay K. Singh, 2014. "Hedge Fund Portfolio Diversification Strategies Across the GFC," Working Papers in Economics 14/27, University of Canterbury, Department of Economics and Finance.
    17. Ali, Hakim & Masih, Mansur, 2016. "Evidence of cross-country portfolio diversification benefits: The case of Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 72180, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Camilleri, Silvio John & Galea, Gabriella, 2009. "The Diversification Potential Offered by Emerging Markets in Recent Years," MPRA Paper 62491, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Torben G. Andersen & Tim Bollerslev & Peter F. Christoffersen & Francis X. Diebold, 2005. "Volatility Forecasting," PIER Working Paper Archive 05-011, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
    20. Attig, Najah & Guedhami, Omrane & Nazaire, Gregory & Sy, Oumar, 2023. "What explains the benefits of international portfolio diversification?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Portfolio Diversification; The US; China; Risk and Return;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C60 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - General
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0910. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Angela Procopio (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cacogit.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.