IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/rfh/bbejor/v10y2021i4p151-166.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact Of Gender Differences On Leadership: An Investigation Of Moderating Impact Of Gender-Based Biasness

Author

Listed:
  • ZAID AHMAD

    (Department of Management & Administrative Sciences, University of Narowal, Pakistan)

  • NAUMAN AZAM

    (Department of Management & Administrative Sciences, University of Narowal)

  • YASIR NASIR

    (Director Marketing & HR, Paigham TV)

  • USMAN KHAN

    (SO, Branchless Banking, Allied Bank Limited)

Abstract

The inequality of gender is a severe problem that exists in our professionalism and also has a negative impact in leadership. Gender-based biasness also has negative outcomes from both genders. The present study investigates gender differences’ impact on leadership and evaluate outcomes while using gender-based biasness as moderator. Because according to previous studies bias level of leadership keeps changing with the passage of time. Another motive of present research is to enhance knowledge about gender-based biasness according to both genders. While using survey research method we gather data from 370 employees of different sectors. The unit of analysis of this study is individual and data was collected only for once and probability sampling technique was used in the present study. In present research we have used non-contrived setting and likert scale is used to measure to variables. The gender difference does not affect the leadership behavior without moderation, but when we used gender-based biasness then it changes. Same as gender differences also does not affect leadership outcomes without moderation. Leadership behavior and outcome both were insignificant without moderation but after using gender-based biasness they are significant. The present study has limitation to do not collect data from students, all the data will be gather from the employees of different sectors. The conclusion contains that gender difference does not affect the leadership but gender-based biasness moderates their relationship. The current study suggests to investigate impact of transgender on leadership for future study. Another suggestion is that this study is conducted in Pakistan, the researchers can do this in other country or region.

Suggested Citation

  • Zaid Ahmad & Nauman Azam & Yasir Nasir & Usman Khan, 2021. "Impact Of Gender Differences On Leadership: An Investigation Of Moderating Impact Of Gender-Based Biasness," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 10(4), pages 151-166, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:rfh:bbejor:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:151-166
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://bbejournal.com/index.php/BBE/article/view/301/277
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://bbejournal.com/index.php/BBE/article/view/301
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ross-Smith, Anne & Chesterman, Colleen, 2009. "‘Girl disease’: Women managers' reticence and ambivalence towards organizational advancement," Journal of Management & Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(5), pages 582-595, November.
    2. Daniela Lup, 2018. "Something to Celebrate (or not): The Differing Impact of Promotion to Manager on the Job Satisfaction of Women and Men," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 32(2), pages 407-425, April.
    3. Jeffrey W. Lucas & Amy R. Baxter, 2012. "Power, Influence, and Diversity in Organizations," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 639(1), pages 49-70, January.
    4. Martin, Ashley E. & Phillips, Katherine W., 2017. "What “blindness” to gender differences helps women see and do: Implications for confidence, agency, and action in male-dominated environments," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 28-44.
    5. Scott, Kristyn A. & Brown, Douglas J., 2006. "Female first, leader second? Gender bias in the encoding of leadership behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 101(2), pages 230-242, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jacob Lyngsie & Nicolai J. Foss, 2017. "The more, the merrier? Women in top‐management teams and entrepreneurship in established firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(3), pages 487-505, March.
    2. Rida Batool & Iris Zhou & Iqra Hafeez & Iqra Batool, 2019. "Women leadership and their experience of internal identity asymmetry at workplace," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 8(5), pages 295-307, September.
    3. Aslı ERMİŞ-MERT, 2020. "A Multivariate Investigation of Overall Happiness, Job Satisfaction and Income Satisfaction of Women and Men in TurkeyAbstract: This paper examines the factors affecting working women’s and men’s over," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 28(44).
    4. Martina Mc Donnell & Chantal Morley, 2010. "Beyond a gendered model of leadership in higher education in France," Post-Print hal-02442488, HAL.
    5. Thomas Lange, 2021. "Job Satisfaction and Implications for Organizational Sustainability: A Resource Efficiency Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, March.
    6. Federica Cavazzoni & Alec Fiorini & Guido Veronese, 2022. "How Do We Assess How Agentic We Are? A Literature Review of Existing Instruments to Evaluate and Measure Individuals' Agency," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 159(3), pages 1125-1153, February.
    7. Adolfo Cosme Fernández & Nuria Sánchez, 2020. "Once in the Public Sector, Do Differences in Job Satisfaction by Sex Disappear?," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 234(3), pages 75-104, September.
    8. Thompson, Phillip S. & Klotz, Anthony C., 2022. "Led by curiosity and responding with voice: The influence of leader displays of curiosity and leader gender on follower reactions of psychological safety and voice," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    9. Ingersoll, Alicia R. & Cook, Alison & Glass, Christy, 2023. "A free solo in heels: Corporate risk taking among women executives and directors," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    10. Inga Minelgaite Snaebjornsson & Ingi Runar Edvardsson & Vilma Zydziunaite & Vlad Vaiman, 2015. "Cross-Cultural Leadership," SAGE Open, , vol. 5(2), pages 21582440155, May.
    11. Owen Parker & Rachel Mui & Varkey Titus, 2020. "Unwelcome voices: The gender bias‐mitigating potential of unconventionality," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(4), pages 738-757, April.
    12. Martin, Ashley E., 2023. "The divergent effects of diversity ideologies for race and gender relations," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    13. Paul Sander & Jesús de la Fuente, 2020. "Undergraduate Student Gender, Personality and Academic Confidence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-15, August.
    14. van Gils, S. & van Quaquebeke, N. & van Knippenberg, D.L., 2009. "The X-Factor: On the Relevance of Implicit Leadership and Followership Theories for Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Agreement," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2009-055-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    15. Nishani Bourmault & Michel Anteby, 2020. "Unpacking the Managerial Blues: How Expectations Formed in the Past Carry into New Jobs," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 31(6), pages 1452-1474, November.
    16. Carlin, Barbara A. & Gelb, Betsy D. & Belinne, Jamie K. & Ramchand, Latha, 2018. "Bridging the gender gap in confidence," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 61(5), pages 765-774.
    17. Braun, Susanne & Peus, Claudia & Frey, Dieter, 2018. "Connectionism in action: Exploring the links between leader prototypes, leader gender, and perceptions of authentic leadership," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 129-144.
    18. Heilman, Madeline E. & Manzi, Francesca & Caleo, Suzette, 2019. "Updating impressions: The differential effects of new performance information on evaluations of women and men," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 105-121.
    19. Ivan Privalko, 2021. "Gender differences in Russia's job mobility and its rewards," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(3), pages 405-429, July.
    20. Johnson, Stefanie K. & Murphy, Susan Elaine & Zewdie, Selamawit & Reichard, Rebecca J., 2008. "The strong, sensitive type: Effects of gender stereotypes and leadership prototypes on the evaluation of male and female leaders," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 106(1), pages 39-60, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender; Leadership;

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:rfh:bbejor:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:151-166. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Muhammad Irfan Chani (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/rffhlpk.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.