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Le RMI et son successeur le RSA découragent-ils certains jeunes de travailler ? Une analyse sur les jeunes autour de 25 ans

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  • Olivier Bargain
  • Augustin Vicard

Abstract

[fre] En France, en l’absence d’enfant à charge, seules les personnes de 25 ans et plus peuvent être allocataires du revenu de solidarité active (RSA). Avant la mise en place de ce dispositif, en juin 2009, la même condition existait pour le revenu minimum d’insertion (RMI), dans l’idée que la possibilité de toucher un revenu minimum pourrait décourager certains jeunes de rechercher un emploi ou de poursuivre leurs études. Cet article cherche à évaluer si le RMI et, à sa suite, le RSA découragent certains jeunes . de travailler. Auquel cas, on observerait un fléchissement du taux d’emploi des jeunes . juste après 25 ans, puisque certains choisiraient de ne pas travailler ou de réduire leur effort de recherche d’emploi à partir de cet âge. À moins de mesures encourageant la demande de travail en faveur des moins de 25 ans, une baisse du taux d’emploi à 25 ans . pourrait être attribuée aux effets du RMI et du RSA sur les incitations financières au travail. . Pour étudier cette question, nous conduisons une analyse par discontinuité sur les enquêtes annuelles de recensement de 2004 à 2011 qui permettent d’obtenir des estimateurs . précis des taux d’emploi par âge des jeunes célibataires sans enfant et peu qualifiés. . . Nous n’observons pas de rupture dans les taux d’emploi à 25 ans pour l’ensemble des jeunes sans enfant, ce qui indique que le RMI et le RSA n’ont pas d’effet désincitatif marqué sur l’emploi des jeunes autour de cet âge. Une légère rupture dans les taux d’emploi . est toutefois visible pour les jeunes les moins qualifiés (ayant au mieux le BEPC) les . premières années de l’étude (femmes sur la période 2004‑2007 et hommes sur la période 2004‑2005), mais elle disparait par la suite, en particulier après la mise en place du RSA. Les effets désincitatifs au travail parmi les jeunes sans enfant étant déjà faibles avec le . RMI, confinés aux jeunes sans qualification, il n’y pas lieu d’attendre d’effet ré‑incitatif . de la part du RSA, conclusions limitées au groupe cible de notre étude.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Bargain & Augustin Vicard, 2014. "Le RMI et son successeur le RSA découragent-ils certains jeunes de travailler ? Une analyse sur les jeunes autour de 25 ans," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 467(1), pages 61-89.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2014_num_467_1_10247
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2014.10247
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2014.10247
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