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L'impact de la recherche et développement sur la productivité industrielle

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  • Philippe Cuneo

Abstract

[fre] La situation de la recherche en France a été souvent jugée préoccupante. Par contraste, la meilleure tenue du Japon et de l'Allemagne fédérale face à la crise a été reliée à la croissance soutenue de la part de la recherche dans le produit intérieur brut de ces deux pays. L'impact de la recherche et développement sur la productivité des entreprises peut être évalué à partir de l'estimation d'une fonction de production. Les résultats d'un échantillon d'entreprises faisant un effort de recherche et qui ont été suivies pendant six ans sont utilisés ici. Le rendement, au moins à court terme, des dépenses de recherche et développement apparaît supérieur, pour l'entreprise qui les consent, à celui de l'investissement physique. Le rendement social est en général encore supérieur, par le biais notamment de la diffusion des innovations. La recherche fondamentale et la recherche financée par l'État ont pour les entreprises une utilité moins aisée à caractériser. Si leur effet direct est difficile à mesurer, elles semblent exercer un effet indirect, en valorisant l'ensemble des dépenses de recherche et développement. Pour qu'il en soit ainsi, il faut toutefois que les dépenses en cause dépassent un certain seuil, nettement supérieur au niveau moyen par salarié qu'elles ont dans les entreprises étudiées. [eng] The impact of research and development on industrial productivity - The research situation in France has often been found to be disturbing. In contrast, the higher standards of Japan and West Germany in the face of the crisis have been linked to sustained growth of the proportion of research in the Gross Domestic Product of these two countries. The impact of research and development on the productivity of firms can be evaluated from the estimate of a function of production. The results of a sampling of firms making a research effort and followed for a period of six years are used here. The return of expenditures for research and development, at least short term, for the firm that accords these funds, seems to be higher, than the return of physical investment. The social return is in general still higher, notably through the diffusion of innovations. Basic research and research financed by the government have a utility for firms that is less easily characterized. If their direct effect is difficult to measure, they seem to have an indirect effect by valorizing the totality of research and development expenditures. For this to be the case, it is nevertheless necessary that the expenditures in question pass a certain level, clearly higher than the average level per wage-earner that they have in the firms studied. [spa] El impacto de la investigación y desarrollo en la productividad industrial - La situación de la investigación en Francia fué a menudo considerada como objeto de preocupación. En contraste, el aventajado comportamiento de Japon y Alemania federal ante la crisis se relacionó con el crecimiento constante de la porción de investigación en el producto interior bruto de ambos países. El impacto de la investigación y desarrollo en la productividad de las empresas puede valorizarse a partir de la estimación de una función de producción. Los resultados de una muestra de empresas que llevan a cabo un esfuerzo de investigación y que se examinaron durante seis años se utilizaron aquí. El rendimiento, cuando menos a corto plazo, de los gastos de investigación y desarrollo aparece superior para la empresa que los consiente al de la inversion física. El rendimiento social es, por lo general, mas elevado todavía mediante, sobre todo, extension de innovaciones. La investigación fundamental y la investigación sufragada por el Estado tienen para las empresas una utilidad menos fácil de caracterizar. Si su efecto directo es dificil de medir, parece ser que ejercen un efecto indirecto al valorizar el conjunto de los gastos de investigación y desarrollo. A fin de que asi sea, es imprescindible que los gastos que están en juego superren cierto importe, netamente superior al nivel medio por asalariado que tienen en las empresas observadas.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Cuneo, 1984. "L'impact de la recherche et développement sur la productivité industrielle," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 164(1), pages 3-18.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1984_num_164_1_4838
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1984.4838
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1984.4838
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    1. Zvi Griliches, 1998. "Comparing Productivity Growth: An Exploration of French and U.S. Industrial and Firm Data," NBER Chapters, in: R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence, pages 157-186, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Zvi Griliches, 1998. "Productivity and R&D at the Firm Level," NBER Chapters, in: R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence, pages 100-133, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Dominique Deberdt & Élie Messeca, 1977. "L'incidence de la recherche sur les entreprises industrielles," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 95(1), pages 43-53.
    4. Philippe Cuneo & Jacques Mairesse, 1984. "Productivity and R&D at the Firm Level in French Manufacturing," NBER Chapters, in: R&D, Patents, and Productivity, pages 375-392, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Zvi Griliches, 1984. "R&D, Patents, and Productivity," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number gril84-1, March.
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    1. Fabrice Hatem & Hervé Passeron, 1991. "Globalisation, fujitsuisme, éco-développement : trois néologismes pour comprendre les dix prochaines années," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 243(1), pages 19-41.
    2. Joël Maurice & Michel Catinat, 1984. "Analyse quantitative de la stratégie macro-économique du IXe Plan," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 35(6), pages 1007-1090.

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