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Inequality of Experience of Dental Caries between Different Ethnic Groups of Brazilians Aged 15 to 19 Years

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  • Andreia Maria Araújo Drummond
  • Efigênia Ferreira Ferreira
  • Viviane Elisangela Gomes
  • Wagner Marcenes

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess inequality of experience of dental caries, based on race/ethnicity, among Brazilian adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in 2010 and test whether socioeconomic indicators fully explain ethnic differences in dental caries. Methods: Data from a National Oral Health Survey conducted in Brazil in 2010 was analysed. Race/ethnicity was self-assigned and modified to White, African descents, East Asian descents, Mixed Race and Indigenous descents. The prevalence of caries experience by race/ethnic group in 2010(n = 5,367) was calculated. Further analysis included conceptual hierarchical modelling and mediation analysis. Results: Caries experience was 76.9% in 15 to 19 year old Brazilians in 2010. While African descents were 32% more likely to have caries experience than Whites, Mixed Race were 69% more likely to have caries experience than Whites. Hierarchical conceptual modelling analysis confirmed the highly significant association between caries and race/ethnicity. Mixed Race and East Asian descents were 1.44 (95% CI 1.24–1.67) and 1.81 (95% CI 1.02–3.20) times more likely to experience caries than Whites after adjusting for age, sex, education and income. The difference in the likelihood of experiencing caries between Whites and African descents was not statistically significant after adjusting for years of education and family income. The results of mediation analysis confirmed that inequality of caries experience between Whites and Mixed Race and East Asian descents was mediated through education and income. The likelihood that Mixed Race and East Asian descents would experience caries compared to Whites was attenuated, by 14.8% and by 9.5% respectively, after adjusting for years of education and income. Conclusions: Data analysis demonstrated that Whites have benefited more from the significant reduction in dental caries experience in 15 to 19 year old Brazilians, as compared to African descents and Mixed Race. Education and income fully explained ethnic inequalities in experience of dental caries between Whites and African descents, and largely explained inequalities between Whites and Mixed Race.

Suggested Citation

  • Andreia Maria Araújo Drummond & Efigênia Ferreira Ferreira & Viviane Elisangela Gomes & Wagner Marcenes, 2015. "Inequality of Experience of Dental Caries between Different Ethnic Groups of Brazilians Aged 15 to 19 Years," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0145553
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145553
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leticia Marteleto, 2012. "Erratum to: Educational Inequality by Race in Brazil, 1982–2007: Structural Changes and Shifts in Racial Classification," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(3), pages 1155-1155, August.
    2. Francis, Andrew M. & Tannuri-Pianto, Maria, 2012. "The redistributive equity of affirmative action: Exploring the role of race, socioeconomic status, and gender in college admissions," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 45-55.
    3. Leticia Marteleto, 2012. "Educational Inequality by Race in Brazil, 1982–2007: Structural Changes and Shifts in Racial Classification," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(1), pages 337-358, February.
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    1. Thais Gimenez & Beatriz Albuquerque Bispo & Daniela Pereira Souza & Maria Eduarda Viganó & Marcia Turolla Wanderley & Fausto Medeiros Mendes & Marcelo Bönecker & Mariana Minatel Braga, 2016. "Does the Decline in Caries Prevalence of Latin American and Caribbean Children Continue in the New Century? Evidence from Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(10), pages 1-14, October.

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